<p>The Harpswell Meetinghouse is a historic colonial meeting house on Maine State Route 123 in Harpswell, Maine. Built in 1757-59 to provide space for both religious services and town meetings, it is a little-altered and well-preserved example of a once-common form, and is the oldest such surviving building in the state of Maine. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Harpswell Meetinghouse is set on the west side of Maine State Route 123, in the center of Harpswell, about 9 mi south of Brunswick.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the meetinghouse is a single large chamber with a gallery level on three sides. The fourth side, one of the long walls has the pulpit at its center, opposite the entrance. This arrangement was typical in New England meetinghouses until the early 19th century. Also typical of the period are the soffits and sounding board which frame the pulpit area. The walls are finished with wooden wainscoting and plaster over lath. The building was originally filled with box pews, but these were removed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Harpswell parish was organized in 1751, when the area was still part of Yarmouth. Its first minister was the Reverend Elisha Eaton, was appointed in 1753. Construction of the meeting house was begun in 1757, a job in which Eaton&#39;s son, also named Elisha, assisted, providing sashes and frames. The building was not ready for use until 1759, and was still reported to be unfinished in 1774. It served as both a religious and civic meeting space until 1844, and then stood vacant for 14 years before the town adapted for its exclusive use.</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse was designated a National Historic Landmark and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1968.</p><br>
<p>The Geraldine Milwaukee Depot was built by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad  in 1914. The depot is a rectangular one-story wood frame building built in the Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>After the completion of The Milwaukee Road&#39;s transcontinental extension across the northern tier of states from Chicago, Illinois to Tacoma, Washington on 1909, it began to build branch lines in order to bring in more business and open new markets. In 1913-14, The Milwaukee Road built the North Montana Line from Harlowton, Montana to Great Falls, Montana. New agricultural lands and settlements followed the branch line. Settlers homesteaded around Geraldine, a station named after the wife of railroad financier, William G. Rockefeller.</p><br>
<p>The depot at Geraldine served the local farms and daily freight and passenger trains stopped there. After World War II, rail traffic declined and passenger served ended in 1955. In 1980 The Milwaukee Road went bankrupt and ceased service to the Pacific Northwest. The North Montana Line was bought by the Burlington Northern Railroad. The rail line was closed due to a landslide in 1982. In 1985, Central Montana Rail bought the line and restored rail service. It sold the depot to the Geraldine Historical Committee in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The depot was listed in the National Register of Historic Places because of its architecture and its historical significance as one of the last Milwaukee Road depots along the North Montana Line.</p><br>
<p>Villa Magna is a large ancient imperial Roman villa near the modern town of Anagni, in Lazio, central Italy. The site lies in the Valle del Sacco some 65 km south of Rome, at the foot of the Monti Lepini, directly under the peak known as Monte Giuliano. The toponym Villamagna remains attached to the site, attesting to the local memory of the imperial villa and its successive occupation as a monastery and lay community.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Ancient era</h3><br>
<p>The villa was probably originally constructed in the 2nd century. In 144-145, at the age of 23, future emperor Marcus Aurelius visited the villa where his adoptive father Antoninus Pius was staying. In letters to his tutor, Fronto, he describes two days spent there:</p><br>
<p>After the death of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius the property remained in imperial hands. An inscription, now preserved at the Cathedral of Anagni, attests to Septimius Severus&#39;s paving of a road leading from Anagni to the villa in 207. It remains to be determined how late the property remained in imperial hands after this moment in the early 3rd century.</p><br>
<p>The site of the villa today shows little of its former splendour, though excavations are bringing to light the vast quantities of marble, mosaic and fresco which once decorated it. The remains visible above ground, covering at least a dozen hectares, consist of three ranges of cisterns fed by an aqueduct which probably leads from a spring at the base of the wooded hill, a range of substructures (underlying a 19th-century casale) which were the basis villae for some part of the ancient villa, and various traces of substructures on the long ridge running down from the casale towards the road.</p><br>
<h3>Middle Ages</h3><br>
<p>The earliest document attesting to the monastery dates from the 10th century and describes the foundation of the monastery by three nobles from Anagni. A series of very interesting charters and trials from the eleventh through 13th century speak to a small rural monastery with properties in the area of the original fundus, which despite its meagre size and income managed to become embroiled in regional and papal politics of the central Middle Ages, culminating in the suppression of the monastery in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII. After the death of the monastery, the village remained at least for a little while, however, as it is referred to as a castrum in 1301 and 1333, and a castrum dirutum in 1478. The castrum walls and church are still standing today.</p><br>
<h3>Current research</h3><br>
<p>Since 2006, the site and its occupation in the Roman and medieval period are the focus of an international interdisciplinary project, sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania&#39;s Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Mediterranean Section), the British School at Rome, and the Soprintendenza ai Beni Archeologici del Lazio, with core funding from the 1984 Foundation, the Comune of Anagni and the BancAnagni Credito Cooperativo. The international project is directed by Elizabeth Fentress; with co-directors Andrew Wallace Hadrill (BSR) and Sandra Gatti (SBAL). The field director is Caroline Goodson. Five years of research, conducted using remote sensing survey, open area excavation, field survey, and topographic survey conducted in collaboration with the Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca Scientifica (CNRS) have revealed the majority of the plan of the Roman buildings, a spectacular wine-making/dining room complex (probably the same room described by Marcus Aurelius in his letter), what appears to be a staff quarter of the villa, a winery of the 6th century. an early medieval village and a complex, long-lived church and cemetery around the monastic church of S. Pietro in Villamagna.</p><br>
<p>The Milwaukee Railroad Depot in Alberton, Montana was built by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad  in 1908, during its Pacific Extension from Chicago, Illinois to Tacoma, Washington from 1906-09. The depot is a rectangular one-story wood frame building constructed in the Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>When the Milwaukee Road built its transcontinental line, it placed a division point at Alberton. In addition to the depot, there were also a roundhouse, turntable and locomotive repair shops. The depot became the center of the commercial district of the town and the railroad was the town&#39;s major employer.</p><br>
<p>When the railroad was electrified in the 1920s, the roundhouse and turntable were removed.</p><br>
<p>When the railroad went bankrupt in the 1980s, the depot was sold to the Town of Alberton and is now used as a community center.</p><br>
<p>The depot was listed in the National Register because of its architecture and association with The Milwaukee Road and the development of railroads in Montana.</p><br>
<p>The Central United Methodist Church is located at 23 East Adams Street  in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>The Central United Methodist Church&#39;s roots date back to 1804, when the first Methodist circuit riders came to Detroit for a brief visit. On the third visit of the Rev. Nathan Bangs that year, youth of the city put gunpowder in the candlesticks and cut the mane and tail of his horse. He left, "shaking the dust off his feet in testament against them," he wrote in his journal. After that experience no circuit rider ventured to Detroit until 1809, when the Rev. William Case arrived. Case wrote to Bishop Asbury that he found it difficult to find "any serious people" in Detroit, but did note that there were a few who wanted to form a congregation. When the next circuit rider, the Rev. William Mitchell, came in 1810, the congregation was established as the First Methodist Society of Michigan. Thus Central became the first organized Protestant congregation in what was then the Michigan Territory.</p><br>
<p>Its first building, a log church, was built in 1818 outside the city on the banks of the Rouge River in what is now Dearborn. It had met in the territorial council house up until that time. The church was legally incorporated in 1822. Construction was completed on the congregation&#39;s first building within the city of Detroit in 1826, at the corner of Gratiot and Farmer. This building was replaced in 1833 by a building at Woodward and Congress, and again in 1849 by a building at Woodward and State. A church for a second congregation spun off by Central (the Congress Street Society), was built at Congress and Randolph in 1846.</p><br>
<p>Central has long been known as a "Peace and Justice" church. In 1830 Sheriff Thomas S. Knapp, who was a member of Central, resigned rather than carry out a hanging on the commons right outside the church. Members joined a throng so horrified by the hanging that they threw the flogging post into the river and demanded an end to capital punishment in Michigan. That was the last execution in Michigan, which became the first English-speaking territory in the world to abolish the death penalty.</p><br>
<p>In 1934 the Rev. Dr. Dr. Frederick Bohn Fisher, former bishop of India, became pastor of Central. He had previously been pastor of First United Methodist Church, Ann Arbor. He was a personal friend of Gandhi, and wrote a book about him, published in 1932. In 1936 Woodward Avenue was widened and the church nave shortened to save the steeple and west wall. Dr. Fisher redesigned the now recessed divided chancel to include a pulpit, lectern, and reredos of Applachian white oak, and a mural of the 12 apostles. He was much criticized for this ostentatious sanctuary, to which Fisher once responded, "I challenge any man or woman who thinks he has found reality because he worships in some crass, unbeautiful church. I believe symbolism is the most beautiful approach to reality. Reality is eternal and therefore this beautiful sanctuary is a symbol of the eternity of God." The sanctuary has been little changed since.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Henry Hitt Crane, senior pastor from 1938 to 1958, was a pacifist in both World Wars I and II. He was summoned to both Sen. Joseph McCarthys committee and the House Unamerican Activities Committee, accused of being a communist. His successor Dr. James H. Laird was hung in effigy for his opposition to the Vietnam War. Central also had a draft counseling center for many years. Central became integrated in the 1950s and was known as a leader in civil rights movement. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. preached from Centrals pulpit many times, the last just two weeks before his death.</p><br>
<p>Central has been active in the movement against the war in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Palestine. It is often the gathering place for peace rallies and the starting point for many marches. Central has taken a strong stance for the rights of unions to organize and was the headquarters for the strike against both of Detroits major newspapers in the 1990s. In 2001 it became a Reconciling Congregation, welcoming LGBT people into all aspects of its ministry. Centrals Associate Minister in the early part of the 2000s, Rev. DaVita McCallister, was the first avowed gay or lesbian to serve as a United Methodist pastor in Michigan. When she wanted to get married, she had to leave because of United Methodist Church policy. Central&#39;s congregation supported her and is working to change the churchwide policy that forced her to leave.</p><br>
<p>Central is cosponsor of The NOAH Project (Networking Organizing Advocating for the Homeless), which operates a Community Center, serving lunch four times a week, one-on-one social services, volunteer nurses, a Job Readiness Class, and an arts program for the homeless. Storefront spaces in the church building house the Swords Into Plowshares Peace Center and Gallery and The Value Shop, a resale shop primarily serving the impoverished people of Detroit. Central also houses the National Welfare Rights Organization, a Library of Black Labor History, Westside Mothers, and Moratorium Now, an organization working to ban banks from foreclosing on homes for at least two years. Central celebrated its bicentennial in 2010 with many guest speakers and performers throughout the year including the Rev. Jesse Jackson, Sr. on Sun. Jan. 24, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>When the church at Congress and Randolph burned down in 1863, the two congregations consolidated and decided to build a church at Woodward and Adams. The cornerstone of Central Church&#39;s sanctuary was laid on July 3, 1866. The original church campus included the sanctuary, a chapel, an office building, and a parsonage on Adams Street. The smaller buildings were demolished in 1916, and a six-story church house was built in their place.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, Woodward Avenue was widened. To reconfigure the church, a thirty-foot section of wall on the Adams side was torn down and the west wall and steeple rolled eastward 26 ft, thus shortening the nave. Thomas Di Lorenzo painted the ceiling, with 230 panels of symbols of the Christian church. Those symbols were taken from the Temple of Heaven in Peking (China), the Mosque of Omar in Jerusalem, and the Vatican&#39;s Sistine Chapel. Stained glass windows made by the Henry Lee Willett Studios in Philadelphia were installed in 1956.</p><br>
<p>Redhouse Castle is a ruined tower house castle, 2 km east of Longniddry, East Lothian, Scotland, UK, on the B1377, close to Spittal. The castle designated as a scheduled monument. It is no longer protected as a category A listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first version of the castle appears to have been a religious institution, probably a hospice for pilgrims and travellers, belonging to the Douglas family. In April 1421 the Earl of Douglas transferred the estates of Ballencrieff and Gosford to his mistress Christian de Ramsay to provide for her and their children.</p><br>
<p>The castle, a four-storey manor house in red sandstone, remained in the hands of the Douglas family, but it was sold in 1607 to John Layng, the Keeper of the Signet. His initials and those of his wife Rebecca Dennistoun are carved into the pediment. He died in 1612 and is buried in the churchyard of Greyfriars Kirk, Edinburgh.</p><br>
<p>In 1608 Layng&#39;s daughter Jeane married Sir Andrew Hamilton. Shortly afterwards Sir Andrew applied to the Scottish Parliament for the title Lord Redhouse, and when John Layng died Sir Andrew became the owner of Redhouse Castle. Some years later Sir John Hamilton extended the keep into an L-plan, with a lectern-style doocot built into the gateway.</p><br>
<p>After the 1745 Jacobite rebellion, the Hamiltons forfeited the castle when Colonel George Hamilton, the last owner, was hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason at Carlisle Castle. It remained empty for some time until, in 1755, it was bought by Lord Elibank in 1755 who preferred to live in his townhouse in the High Street in Edinburgh. The market garden was (and is) a going concern, but he was unable to sell or rent the castle economically.</p><br>
<p>After having been abandoned for many years, Redhouse Castle was incorporated into the estates of the Earl of Wemyss who resided at Gosford House close by.</p><br>
<p>Unlike other castles, Redhouse Castle was fortunate in that it was not exploited as a quarry. However, the same red sandstone from which it was built was also used for the foundations of Gosford House.</p><br>
<h2>Motto</h2><br>
<p>The Laing family motto carved into the pediment is "Nisi Dominus Frustra", translated from the Latin as "without the Lord, all is in vain", taken from Psalm 127: "Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it". It is also the motto in the coat of arms of Edinburgh</p><br>
<p>The Our Lady of the Rosary Roman Catholic Church is located at 5930 Woodward Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was originally built as St. Joseph&#39;s Episcopal Church - from 1893 to 1896 - and is a historic Romanesque Revival church complex. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 3, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original building in this complex, St. Joseph&#39;s Memorial Chapel, was a gift of Mrs. L.R. Medbury, and was built on the corner or Woodward and Medbury (now the Edsel Ford service drive). The chapel, consecrated in 1884, soon proved too small, and a larger church, completed in 1896, was erected facing Woodward.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, St. Josephs congregation merged with that of the congregation of the nearby St. Pauls Cathedral. The St. Joseph&#39;s building was sold to Father Francis J. VanAntwerp in 1907, and Our Lady of the Rosary Roman Catholic Church was established.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church, built from 1893 to 1896, is a massive rock-faced, cross-gable-roofed, sandstone Romanesque Revival structure. The gabled façade is flanked by two towers: a tall, square, pyramid-roofed tower to the south and a round, conical-roofed tower on the north. The entrance between the towers is into a one-story vestibule; it is surmounted by a large rose window.</p><br>
<p>The Park United Presbyterian Church is located at 14 Cortland Street  in Highland Park, Michigan. It was built in 1910 as the Highland Park Presbyterian Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1983. It is a member of The Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Highland Park Presbyterian Church was established in 1893 as a mission church of the First Presbyterian Church of Detroit. Three years later a small chapel was built on the site of the present church. However, the congregation grew to over two hundred members, and the present building was constructed from 1910 to 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is 110 feet long and 85 feet wide, and is constructed in a Tudor Gothic style from red brick with limestone trim and red terra cotta roof tiles. The main section of the church contains an oversized stained-glass window and a square, buttressed, flat-roofed, corner tower with a louvered belfry is located on the south side. A gabled wooden porch covers the entrance. Set back from the main block is the gabled educational wing. A parsonage, built in 1905, sits behind the church on Cortland Street.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church is located at 33 East Forest Avenue  in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Detroit was established on December 25, 1844. Two church buildings were built near the Detroit River. The third building was constructed at the present site in 1891, and was designed by architect John Lyman Faxon. An addition to the church, known as the Angel&#39;s Wing, was constructed in 1921 by Albert Kahn.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is designed in a blend of the Romanesque and Byzantine styles, using rough-hewn, warm red limestone. The Woodward facade has a five-bay loggia, with a parapeted front gable. Above that are rounded windows with tracery framed by a rounded arch. The church also features a 120-foot campanile with many narrow arcades. The church is topped by an 8-foot copper figure of the Archangel Uriel.</p><br>
<p>The church is patterned after churches found in Venice and Ravenna. The sanctuary, which resembles the lower church of St. Francis of Assisi, completed in December, 1891.</p><br>
<h2>First Congregational Living Museum</h2><br>
<p>The church offers exhibits about the historical and architectural aspects of the church, its buildings and activities. Visitors can go on self-guided tours of the historic facilities and buildings.</p><br>
<p>The church also hosts the Underground Railroad Living Museum, a storytelling simulation of the original Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The BowMac sign, known as "Toys "R" BowMac" and "Toymac", is a neon sign in Vancouver, British Columbia, with a metal screen depicting the Toys "R" Us logo covering a significant portion of the original sign. It stands at 1154-1176 West Broadway, a Toys "R" Us store. It was designated by the City of Vancouver as a landmark worthy of preservation and revitalization in 1997. The sign is a landmark of Vancouver, but also a topic of contention as unsightly as well as exceptionally large.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Bowell McLean (BowMac) car dealership on West Broadway in Vancouver erected the sign above the business in 1958. The orange sign was covered with hundreds of bulbs and neon lights. It was the largest illuminated structure in Vancouver other than the BC Electric Building downtown and recognized as North America&#39;s largest freestanding sign. The billboard was visible from 18 miles away.</p><br>
<p>However, as the neon craze of 1950s Vancouver began to disappear in the 1960s, many signs were outlawed by stricter bylaws. The BowMac sign stood into the 1990s, when desires to demolish it surfaced. The city&#39;s planning and heritage departments opposed the idea, and passed legislation in 1997 to preserve it.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage</h2><br>
<p>In the 1950s, Vancouver was the North American neon capital for its large number of signs, the artisanship involved, and the technology on display. Vancouver was recognisable from the air by the glow. The BowMac was the largest, most recognizable, and most central sign. It has a font, design, and shape distinct to the era. These considerations led to designation as a landmark worthy of heritage conservation in May 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>The arguments against are that it is ugly and clashes with the multicoloured logo of Toys "R" Us; that it looks ridiculous; that it stands out in the conservative landscape of West Broadway.</p><br>
<p>Another issue is that the Toys "R" Us sign is exempt from but way beyond the bylaws. The BowMac sign itself is 215% too tall and 1823% larger than the allowed area; the Toys "R" Us billboard covers roughly three quarters of this space.</p><br>
<p>A third criticism is that the addition of the Toys "R" Us sign to the original BowMac sign compromises its heritage value.</p><br>
<p>Suggestions that the sign was an earthquake hazard and that it was going to make too much noise and light pollution were addressed; the site was deemed to be acceptably earthquake-resistant, and the power was restricted between 10pm and 4am.</p><br>
<p>Colton Hall is a government building and museum in Monterey, California, United States. It was built in the late 1840s by Walter Colton, who came to Monterey as a chaplain on Commodore Stocktons vessel and remained to become Montereys first alcalde  in the American Period.</p><br>
<p>Colton Hall was originally a public school and government meeting place. It also hosted Californias first constitutional convention in 1849. Californias military governor called for a constitutional convention, to be held in Montereys Colton Hall. On September 1, delegates from ten districts arrived in Monterey to debate and write Californias first state constitution. The California Constitution was ratified on October 13, voted on in November that year and sent to Congress in January 1850. San Jose was chosen as the seat for the first Legislature. (Officially, a state capital is where the legislature sits; therefore Monterey never was the capital of the State of California.)</p><br>
<p>The Native Sons of the Golden West were instrumental in 1903 in securing a legislative appropriation for necessary repairs on Colton Hall. The building was then registered as a California Historical Landmark in 1934.</p><br>
<p>The most important public office building in Monterey County still in continuous use, Colton Hall has over the years housed Montereys City Hall, a public school, the county court house, the sheriffs office, and Monterey&#39;s city police headquarters. Today the main floor still holds some city offices (including the city Planning Division and Building Safety Division), while the second floor is a museum.</p><br>
<p>Hampton Park Terrace is the name both of a neighborhood and a National Register district located in peninsular Charleston, South Carolina. The neighborhood is bounded on the west by The Citadel, on the north by Hampton Park, on the east by Rutledge Ave., and on the south by Congress St. In addition, the one block of Parkwood Ave. south of Congress St. is considered, by some, to be included. The National Register district, on the other hand, is composed of the same area with two exceptions:  the northeasternmost block is excluded and  an extra block of President St. is included.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land upon which the neighborhood is built was rural land until approximately 1900. At about that time, a few streets began being laid out in the northern end of the city. A few small houses were constructed at that time, but most of the land remained undeveloped. In 1912, three large sections of the neighborhood were platted. Those sections roughly correspond to the northwest quadrant, the southwest quadrant, and the southeast quadrant. They were developed by, respectively, the Charleston Building & Investment Co., Hampton Park Terrace Inc., and the Allan family. The final quadrant to the northeast was sporadically developed through the 1930s by the Navy Yard Building & Investment Co.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was, at the time, on the very edge of developed Charleston. At first, skeptics claimed that the development would fail, but within a month of the start of selling lots, more than 100 of the 251 original lots had been sold. The development was amid truck farming sites, but it benefitted from its location near the Ashley River and Hampton Park. A newspaper account at the time predicted that its success would start a move to suburban living in Charleston instead of in the lower peninsula because of these advantages: "No more desirable location for a home could be imagined-close to the river, away from the noise and bustle of the city, on the Rutledge avenue car line and close to the King street car line, bordering Hampton Park, beautiful now and to be doubly beautiful when plans now being worked out are completed, within sight of the Ashley River with its fresh salt breezes, and the whole area high and dry, sixteen feet above low water mark, within four blocks of the Mitchell School, the biggest and best of the schools of the city system."</p><br>
<p>The residents of Hampton Park Terrace celebrated the neighborhoods 100th anniversary in March 2012. The event included a performance by The Citadels Regimental Band and Pipes and the unveiling of a state historical marker.</p><br>
<h2>National Register Status</h2><br>
<p>Most of the housing in the neighborhood was constructed between 1912 and 1925. The architecture of the neighborhood follows national trends of the period and represents a distinct break from the local tradition of Charleston&#39;s other historic areas. Nevertheless, because of its largely intact concentration of early 20th century buildings, the neighborhood (other than the northeasternmost portion) was added to the National Register on September 26, 1997. The National Register designation included those blocks that were laid out and whose restrictive covenants were created by one of four related development companies. As a result, the northeast corner of Hampton Park Terrace was not included in the historic district although it is part of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Since the designation, several houses have been restored including one which was given a special award by the Historic Charleston Foundation for the quality of the work at 463 Huger St. In 2009, the Preservation Society of Charleston held its first outreach tour of historic houses and highlighted Hampton Park Terrace.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of Hampton Park Terrace houses</h2><br>
<p>The Hampton Park Terrace National Register district includes historic structures on the following streets:</p><br>
<p>Ashley Ave. (north of Congress St. to Huger St.)</p><br>
<p>Congress St. (west of Rutledge Ave. to President St. (north side) and west of President St. (both sides))</p><br>
<p>Elmwood Ave. (all)</p><br>
<p>Glenwood Ave. (all)</p><br>
<p>Hagood Ave. (north of Congress St. to Moultrie St. (east side))</p><br>
<p>Huger St. (west of Rutledge Ave. to Ashley Ave. (south side) and west of Ashley Ave. (both sides))</p><br>
<p>Kenilworth Ave. (all)</p><br>
<p>Moultrie St. (west of Ashley Ave.)</p><br>
<p>North Allan Park (all)</p><br>
<p>Parkwood Ave. (all)</p><br>
<p>President St. (north of Sumter St. to Congress St. (west side) and north of Congress St. (both sides))</p><br>
<p>Rutledge Ave. (north of Congress St. to Huger St. (west side))</p><br>
<p>South Allan Park (all)</p><br>
<p>Sumter St. (west of President St. (north side))</p><br>
<p>Sutherland Ave. (all)</p><br>
<p>Sutherland Ct. (all)</p><br>
<p>Wesson Ave. (all)</p><br>
<p>Unless otherwise indicated, the following table shows images of all of the buildings in the district (contributing and non-contributing) in their current condition; the current images do not necessarily reflect the appearance and condition of the structures at the time the National Register district was formed.</p><br>
<p>The Seven Stars Inn is a 14th-century public house in Robertsbridge, East Sussex, a well-preserved example of a medieval building and a typical Sussex village pub. It is associated with historical events, both real and rumoured.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Owned by Harveys, a brewery in Lewes, since February 2002, the pub has existed in its current form for at least 300 years. Built as a Wealden hall house in about 1400, in traditional Wealden timber frame, it is Grade II* Listed,. It was altered in the 16th century, and re-faced in the 19th century, and has a recessed centre, with curved timber brackets supporting the eaves. The first floor oversails on brackets, and has a Crown-post-supported roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Medieval Robertsbridge was granted a market charter in the 13th century, and quickly became prosperous. The Seven Stars dates from this era of early prosperity. The earliest surviving building in the village is only 10 years older.</p><br>
<p>shows the Seven Stars on the right.</p><br>
<p>There are rumours and snippets of folk history associated with the building. Charles II is said to have been confined there for a time during his escape from England following the Battle of Worcester. This is unlikely: Charles eventually escaped by ship from Shoreham, having travelled from the west.</p><br>
<p>The Seven Stars is listed as one of. Experiences include phantom footsteps, shadowy apparitions and dogs reacting to sights unseen. The inn was frequented by 18th-century smugglers, so strange noises in the middle of the night might have another explanation.</p><br>
<h3>Smugglers</h3><br>
<p>Robertsbridge was within the area controlled by the Hawkhurst Gang who ran the smuggling in the area between 1735 and 1749</p><br>
<p>. John Amos, a prominent member of the gang, lived in Robertsbridge. Their influence extended from Kent to Dorset and they operated freely enough to use as many as 500 pack-horses to carry contraband, and raid a government customs house to recover captured goods. Robertsbridge itself was the site of a famous ambush, 30 smugglers assembled, fortified themselves with drink, and ambushed a wagon-load of seized contraband tea on Silver Hill, killing a customs officer in the process.</p><br>
<p>Horace Walpole reported a miserable journey that ended at Robertsbridge in one of his letters to Richard Bentley, dated 5 August 1752. Arriving in "Rotherbridge" after passing Silver Hill, they found only one available bed, "all the rest were inhabited by smugglers".</p><br>
<h2>Hauntings</h2><br>
<p>Like most old pubs in England, the Seven Stars has its share of ghost stories. The most famous of which is called the Red Monk, but they do have several poltergeists, shadows and other spirits which inhabit the pub. More activity seems to happen at the top room of the house than other rooms, but it is haunted all over and has been called "one of the top ten most haunted pubs in the country." In July 2013, it was reported that Hidden Worlds Paranormal Support Group would be investigating the pub and helping the owners deal with the hauntings.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of name</h2><br>
<p>According to Brewer&#39;s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</p><br>
<p>The reference to "seven stars in the sky" in the famous Green Grow the Rushes O! Teaching Song or Dilly Song gives further, if mystical, insights. The Seven Stars could be the Seven Stars referred to in Revelations as representing the seven angels of the Seven churches of Asia; or the Pleiades, or Ursa Major. The song is replete with Christian and Pre-Christian symbolism, and dates to medieval times, if not earlier. Shakespeare refers to the "seven stars" in King Lear Act 1, v</p><br>
<h2>Citations</h2><br>
<p>The Harriet Beecher Stowe House is a historic home and National Historic Landmark at 63 Federal Street in Brunswick, Maine, notable as a short-term home of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Calvin Ellis Stowe. Earlier, it had been the home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow as a student. It is today owned by Bowdoin College. A space within the house, called Harriet&#39;s Writing Room, is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home was built in 1806 and was originally known as the Stonemore House. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and his brother Stephen Longfellow temporarily rented rooms here while students at nearby Bowdoin College before moving into what is now the campus&#39;s Maine Hall by the fall of 1823.</p><br>
<p>When Calvin Ellis Stowe was hired as a professor by Bowdoin College in 1850, he and his family rented this home. His wife Harriet Beecher Stowe was sent ahead to prepare the housekeeping while he completed teaching the fall 1850 semester at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati. Mrs. Stowe, six months pregnant at the time, set out in April 1850 with the couple&#39;s three oldest children and her aunt Esther. She missed her husband, however, and wrote to him in November, "I am lonesome nights in this rattletrap house where every wind shakes out as many noises as there are ghosts in Hades—screeching snapping cracking groaning."</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, her husband in Ohio was ill. As Mrs. Stowe reported to her sister, he claimed he was sick "& all but dead" and worried what would happen to his wife if she were left a widow. "I read the letter and poke it into the stove, and proceed", she wrote. Their son Charley Stowe, the last of their children, was born in this house on July 8, 1850. The birth came while she was writing but, as she recalled in a letter, she was "obliged to give previous attention to some other affairs—about noon the household were thrown into commotion by the arrival of a young stranger in these parts—said to be a great beauty—to have excellent lungs & to look just like his pa, three very important items in his collection."</p><br>
<p>Once settled in, Mrs. Stowe wrote for several magazines, including the New-York Evangelist and the National Era in Washington, D.C. Rent for the home, then owned by the Titcomb family, was $125, higher than expected, and Mrs. Stowe wrote to offset that expense. It was here also that Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote her serialized novel Uncle Toms Cabin. The idea first came to her in a vision while sitting in pew 23 in nearby First Parish Church, where she saw the Uncle Tom character wounded from a beating he endured from his enslaver. She is said to have read early drafts of the books chapters to friends, including the college&#39;s future president Joshua Chamberlain and his soon-to-be wife Fanny Adams.</p><br>
<p>The Stowes stayed only two years in the home, but Mrs. Stowe later remarked those two years were the healthiest and happiest of her life.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>At some point, the home was altered and became a restaurant and hotel, with the front desk and a gift shop on the first floor with private rooms on the second floor. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. It was designated a National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom site in 2016. It was purchased by Bowdoin College in 2001 for $1.3 million. It is currently still owned by Bowdoin College, which opened a public space, Harriets Writing Room in May 2016. Much of the exterior is original to the Stowes time there.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Brackett Reed House is a historic brick duplex house at 30–32 Deering Street in Portland, Maine. Built in 1876, the house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 for its association with Thomas Brackett Reed , Speaker of the House of Representatives . Reed owned and occupied number 32 from 1888 until his death in 1902. He was notable for significantly increasing the power of the House Speaker, introducing a set of rules known as the Reed Rules that still govern debate in that body today.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Reed House is set on the southeast corner of Deering Street and State Street, one block north of Portlands Monument Square in the citys West End neighborhood. It is a 3-1/2 story brick building, with a symmetrically-arranged facade facing Deering Street to the north. Matching entrances are located in the central bays, flanked on the outside by triple windows consisting of a tall and wide window with narrower and shorter flanking windows. This window style is repeated on the second and third level outer bays, with progressively simpler decorative stone and brickwork surrounds. The bays above the entrance have simpler sash windows with similar styling to the lintels and sills. Horizontal stringcourses of elaborate brickwork separate the levels. The main block of the house is topped by a hip roof, to which a wide shed-roof dormer was added in the 20th century. A two-story addition extends to the rear of the house, and there have been additional modest alterations to the rear since the period of Reed&#39;s ownership.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by F. H. Fassett & Son and built in 1876, and is surrounded by similar fashionable residences of the period. Number 32 was purchased in 1888 by Thomas Brackett Reed, and remained his home until his death in 1902. Over about the same period, number 30 was owned by William L. Putnam, a lawyer and former mayor of Portland who was appointed to the federal bench in 1891.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Brackett Reeds importance in USA political history lies in fundamental changes he made to the operation of the United States House of Representatives during his tenure as its Speaker (1889–1891 and 1895–1899). Prior to his accession to that office, the body was run by procedures mainly set down in the early 19th century by Thomas Jefferson. They notably included the "disappearing quorum", in which opposition members would refuse to answer a quorum call, even though they were present in the chamber, and thus suspend activity. In 1890 Reed decisively broke this practice by directing the clerk to count members who were visibly present in the chamber. He then successfully introduced to the chamber a set of procedural changes known as the Reed Rules, which still influence the bodys procedures today. These include granting the Speaker the right to reject dilatory motions and tactics at his sole discretion, and reduced the quorum to 100. When Democrats regained control of the House in 1892 they repealed his rules, but Reed was so effective in applying the disappearing quorum in opposition that his rules were reinstated.</p><br>
<p>The McIntire Garrison House is a historic house on Cider Hill Road  in York, Maine. Built c. 1707, it is an extremely rare well-preserved example of a New England colonial log garrison house, built by settlers for defense against Native American attacks. The house, possibly the oldest in the state, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The McIntire Garrison House is set on the south side of Cider Hill Road in a rural section of York, Maine, overlooking a bend in the York River. It is a two story log structure, sheathed in wooden clapboards, with a side-gable roof pierced by a central chimney. The second floor projects slightly over the first floor on all four sides, one side of which has been fitted with a trapdoor to see below. The walls are constructed out of sawn logs 7.5 in thick, and dovetailed together at the corners. The interior is very plain, with wooden floors, paneled walls, and unfinished ceilings. The extant windows are a later modification, and do not reflect period fenestration.</p><br>
<p>Traditional sources long maintained that the construction date of this house was in 1645. However, architectural analysis in the 20th century has shown that it was built using methods not adopted until the early 18th century. These types of houses were relatively common in southern Maine during the colonial period, when it was regularly subjected to attack by Native American forces (sometimes with French participation). The building would not have been finished in clapboard at that time. The building was subjected to a "restoration" by early architectural preservationists in the early 20th century, and more historically-informed restoration later in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Kennebec Arsenal is a historic arsenal on Arsenal Street in Augusta, Maine. Largely developed between 1828 and 1838 in part because of border disputes with neighboring New Brunswick, it was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2000 as a good example of a nearly intact early 19th-century munitions storage facility. The arsenal property was garrisoned until 1901, after which it was turned over to the State of Maine as an expansion of the adjacent Maine State Hospital. The state for many years housed mental health patients there.</p><br>
<h2>Development history</h2><br>
<p>The events of the War of 1812 highlighted the needs of the United States to better defend its coast against potential foreign attacks, so the federal government embarked on a large-scale development of coastal and border fortifications. Maine in particular was singled out, having had some of its communities occupied during the war, along with an ongoing border dispute with neighboring New Brunswick over the northeastern border. Tensions surrounding that border area (now roughly Aroostook County, Maine and Madawaska County, New Brunswick) rose in the 1820s as both sides pressed for development of the area. As a result, the decision was made to build a major arsenal at Augusta. The site, on the east bank of the Kennebec River south of the central business district, was chosen in part for its ready access by boat. Plans were drafted in 1827 and construction began in 1828.</p><br>
<p>Built between 1828 and 1831 were commandant&#39;s and officer quarters, barracks, stables, a carriage shop, and the main armory. Most of the major structures were built out of granite. Between 1832 and 1838 the quarters were enlarged and given their present Greek Revival styling, and the large and small magazines were built, as was a munitions laboratory. A perimeter fence of granite and iron was also added, and the building known as the Office was built, in part from the demolished remains of a stable (which was rebuilt in wood).</p><br>
<p>The border dispute reached crisis proportions in 1838, with both Maine and New Brunswick organizing militia forces to send to the disputed area. The United States sent General Winfield Scott to the arsenal in Augusta, and he negotiated a stand-down of these forces with New Brunswick Lieutenant Governor John Harvey, who was a friend. The border was fixed at its present location by the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty.</p><br>
<p>The arsenal thereafter declined in importance, seeing use for the manufacture of weapons for the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War. Because of its comparatively remote location, it was deemed unsuitable for the large-scale production of weapons, and only relative modest changes were made to it prior to its 1901 closure. The armory and carriage shop were both moved closer to the river bank, and a fire station was added to the property, as were several wood frame buildings.</p><br>
<p>After the federal government closed the arsenal, the property was transferred to the state, which expanded the adjacent Maine State Hospital, a facility for the mentally ill, onto the property. The wood-frame structures were all torn down, as were the carriage shop and fire station, and the granite buildings were adapted for the hospital&#39;s use. These alterations did not make major alterations to the floor plan of most of the surviving buildings. The Maine State Hospital, later renamed the Augusta Mental Health Institute, closed it doors in 2004, and the arsenal property was sold to a developer, with historic preservation restrictions.</p><br>
<h2>Recent redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>In 2006, the arsenal was slated for renovation, however no work on the landmark was done, and vandals broke windows and sprayed graffiti. The owner, Main Street I LLC, claimed that the poor economy hampered their efforts to renovate and maintain the property.</p><br>
<p>The Maine Attorney General&#39;s office notified the firm in a letter dated September 19, 2012 that it would sue for return of the property to the state if steps were not taken by October 1 to secure the property from vandals, thieves, and the weather.</p><br>
<p>Despite further discussions, few if any steps were taken to protect the property, according to Department of Administrative and Financial Services Commissioner Sawin Millett. He claimed Niemann has failed to provide either a comprehensive plan to maintain the property or a performance bond to guarantee the financial ability to do so per the historical covenants on the property. As a result, the Attorney Generals office filed a lawsuit in 2013, seeking return of the property to the State. The State claims that the lack of maintenance and protection of the property has resulted in over $1 million in damage. Niemann, through his attorney, claimed to be willing to work with the State to improve the arsenal site, and rejected the states claims in court. An Augusta resident employed by Niemann stated that a $12,000 roof was installed on the gatehouse, and that electricity had been restored to at least some of the site, enabling security cameras to function.</p><br>
<p>By November 9, 2013, five of the six buildings on the site had new roofs or were in the process of getting them. Windows were sealed or temporarily boarded up, along with other work. Niemann also revealed some of his plans for the site, including renovating the gatehouse into offices for his firm, and renovating the barracks into two residential units and office space. State officials, while stating they were pleased with the repairs, said the lawsuit will continue. The state agreed to extend deadlines related to the suit as repairs were made, as well as to participate in supervised mediation sessions. Niemann&#39;s Augusta representative stated that the lawsuit was hampering progress with the site.</p><br>
<p>The Winslow Homer Studio is the historic studio and home of the artist Winslow Homer, which is located on what is now Winslow Homer Road on Prouts Neck in Scarborough, Maine. Maine architect John Calvin Stevens altered and expanded an existing carriage house to suit Homers needs in 1884, even moving the building 100 feet for added privacy from his brothers neighboring summer home. The most dramatic element is a balcony the width of the building, from which the artist often painted in winter. The building is 44 x and two stories high, for a total of 2,200 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The studio was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The Portland Museum of Art acquired the building and surrounding grounds on January 31, 2006, closing both to the public during restoration projects. It was opened to the public in 2012, but may only be visited on a guided tour. The Portland Museum of Art undertook significant restoration of the building. Changes and additions made by members of the Homer family in 1938–39 were undone in order to preserve the studio as Winslow Homer left it in 1910. Some updates were also made to the property to enable it to function as a museum exhibit. The additions included plumbing and a restroom for visitors, electricity, security, and hidden steel reinforcements for the balcony (or piazza).</p><br>
<p>The Lady Pepperrell House is a historic house on State Route 103, opposite the Congregational church, in Kittery Point, Maine, United States. Built in 1760 by Lady Mary Pepperrell, widow of Sir William Pepperrell, the house is one of the finest examples of Georgian architecture in the northeastern United States. Pepperrell was the only colonial American to be honored with a baronetcy, given by King George II for his leadership of the successful 1745 expedition against the French Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. The house is privately owned, but subject to preservation restrictions held by Historic New England.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lady Pepperrell House is a two story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a hip roof and four chimneys, two placed symmetrically on each side. The center bay of the main facade projects, and is topped by a low-pitch fully enclosed gabled pediment. This projecting section is finished in flushboard, while the rest of the house clapboarded. It has fluted pilasters with Ionic capitals rising its full height, and the gable, like the rest of the roofline, is modillioned. The main entry is on the first level of this projecting section, and it is also flanked by fluted pilasters, which support curved brackets and a slightly projecting architrave. The building&#39;s corners have flush-boarded quoining. A Colonial Revival porch, sympathetic in styling to the main block, extends to its left. This porch was added in 1922 along with a matching one to the right, which has since been removed. A two-story kitchen ell extends to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The interior has a fairly typical Georgian center-hall layout, with two rooms on either side of a large central hall. The public spaces feature elaborate and high-quality woodwork, which has been well preserved.</p><br>
<p>Lady Pepperrell was born Mary Hirst in 1704 to a merchant in Boston, Massachusetts. She married Captain William Pepperrell, a merchant and major landowner in what is now southern Maine (but was then part of Massachusetts), in 1723, and settled into his family home in Kittery Point. Pepperrell was appointed by Governor William Shirley to lead the 1745 expedition against Fortress Louisbourg, and was awarded a baronetcy by King George II for his success in that endeavour. When Lord Pepperrell died in 1759, he was one of the wealthiest men in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>In 1760 Lady Pepperrell commissioned the construction of this house. Its style is reminiscent of the high Georgian style then popular in England in part because she imported craftsmen from there to work on the house. She made the house her home until her death in 1789, after which it went through a succession of owners. In 1942 the house was given to the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England or HNE), which restored the house and operated it as a museum. In 1985, HNE sold the house into private hands, retaining preservation and conservation easements to limit alterations to its historic fabric. It remains in private hands, but is open to the public several times a year.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The Pentagoet Archeological District is a National Historic Landmark District located at the southern edge of the Bagaduce Peninsula in Castine, Maine. It is the site of Fort Pentagoet, a 17th-century fortified trading post established by fur traders of French Acadia. From 1635 to 1654 this site was a center of trade with the local Abenaki, and marked the effective western border of Acadia with New England. From 1654 to 1670 the site was under English control, after which it was returned to France by the Treaty of Breda. The fort was destroyed in 1674 by Dutch raiders. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1993. It is now a public park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This district forms part of the traditional homeland of the Abenaki Indians, in particular the Penobscot tribe. The location at the tip of the Bagaduce Peninsula, where the Bagaduce River enters Penobscot Bay, was where Claude de Saint-Etienne de la Tour established a small trading post to conduct business with the Tarrantine Indians (now called the Penobscots). The site was later seized by Englishmen from the Plymouth Colony, who operated there from 1629 to 1635. The territory was returned to France as part of the 1632 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and in 1635 the fortified trading post was established by Charles de Menou d&#39;Aulnay. Abenakis frequented the fortified trading post, bartering moosehides, sealskins, beaver and other furs in exchange for European commodities.</p><br>
<p>dAulnay contested the fur trade with Claude de la Tours son Charles in what has been called the Acadian Civil War. This conflict was won by la Tour after dAulnay died and la Tour married his widow. La Tour and successive French governors managed the trading post until 1654, when Acadia was seized by English forces. It remained in English hands until 1670, but the trading post apparently continued to be managed by French traders. The post was returned to France by the 1667 Treaty of Breda. In 1674 the post was completely destroyed by Dutch raiders. Subsequent resettlement of the area was long delayed, due in part to King Philips War, a major Native American uprising in New England (1675–78).</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The location of the fort underwent a major series of excavations in the early 1980s, in which about half the inner compound of the fort was identified. A number of major features, including barracks, a church, a military magazine, a workshop, and what is believed to be dAulnays residence, have been identified, either by direct examination or by ground-penetrating radar.</p><br>
<p>The district was designated a National Historic Landmark District and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The McLellan-Sweat Mansion  is a historic house museum on High Street in Portland, Maine. It forms the rear component of the Portland Museum of Art complex. Built in 1800-01, the house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 as a well-preserved Federal style brick townhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The McLellan-Sweat Mansion is set at the corner of High and Spring Streets in downtown Portland, but is accessed via the main entrance of the Portland Museum of Art at Congress Square. It is a three story brick structure with a low-pitch hip roof and a granite foundation. The brick of the walls is laid in Flemish bond. The main facade, facing Spring Street, is five bays wide, with a central entrance sheltered by a semicircular portico supported by Doric columns, and topped by a balustrade. The entry is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight window. Above the entry on the second level is a Palladian window. The roofline has a bracketed cornice, and there is a low balustrade ringing the roof whose posts are surmounted by urns. The interior has a central hall plan, with high-quality woodwork in the public rooms of the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1800-1801 for shipping magnate Major Hugh McLellan, the brick mansion was designed by John Kimball, Sr. (1758-1831), an architect/housewright originally from Ipswich, Massachusetts. The cost was $20,000. After a change of owners, the property was purchased in 1880 by Lorenzo De Medici Sweat. In 1908, his widow bequeathed it to the Portland Society of Art (now the Portland Museum of Art). The L. D. M. Sweat Memorial Galleries, designed by John Calvin Stevens, were added in 1911 behind the house, to which they connected by corridor.</p><br>
<p>In 1957, two mantelpieces salvaged from the 1805 Commodore Edward Preble House, designed by Alexander Parris, replaced originals lost during a Greek Revival remodeling of the drawing and dining rooms. In 1970, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Charles Shipman Payson Building by Henry N. Cobb of Pei, Cobb, Freed & Partners opened in 1983, extending the length of the museum to its new entrance on Congress Square Plaza. After an extensive restoration, The McLellan House reopened in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Edwin Arlington Robinson House is an historic house at 67 Lincoln Avenue in Gardiner, Maine. A relatively unprepossessing two-story wood frame house, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with Edwin Arlington Robinson  one the United States&#39; leading poets of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Robinson House is set on the west side of Lincoln Street, just north of its junction with Danforth Street in a residential area south of Gardiner&#39;s central business district. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side-gable roof, two interior chimneys, and clapboard siding. A single-story porch, supported by square posts with decorative sawn arched woodwork between, wraps around the (east-facing) front and left side. The front is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by full-length sash windows, with four shorter sash windows on the second level. A two-story bay window projects to the north, and a 1-1/2 story ell extends to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The first floor of the house is divided into two double parlors by a central staircase, with the dining room and kitchen in the ell. The second floor is divided into bedrooms, one of which has been converted into a bathroom, with a small study at the north side bay window that was used by Robinson for his writing. His bedroom was a small chamber located just to the west of the staircase. The attic space has been finished in the 20th century with a bedroom and bathroom.</p><br>
<p>Robinson&#39;s parents moved into this house in 1870, when he was about one year old. He grew up in this house, leaving in 1891 to attend Harvard College. He studied there for two years as a special student, and returned here in 1893. By this time he had already begun writing poetry, and had apparently decided to make it his profession. His first work, The Torrent and the Night Before, was published in 1896, the year he moved out of the house, ultimately dividing his time between Gardiner, New York City, Boston, and the MacDowell Colony in New Hampshire. The house remained in the family until 1903, and is still privately owned.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Robinson was a leading American poet of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was honored with three Pulitzer Prizes for his work. His work was appreciated by Theodore Roosevelt, who acquired for him a sinecure posting at the custom house in New York. Robinson&#39;s work was a study of the human condition, often quite dark, but with revealing aspects of light. In addition to his early works, he also won acclaim for his 1916 The Man Against the Sky. Robinson died in New York in 1935, and is buried in the cemetery behind this house.</p><br>
<p>The Religious Structures of Woodward Avenue Thematic Resource  is a multiple property submission to the National Register of Historic Places which was approved on August 3, 1982. The structures are located on Woodward Avenue in the cities of Detroit and Highland Park, Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early part of the 19th century, residential growth in Detroit occurred primarily east and west of Woodward, along Fort Street and Jefferson Avenue. Woodward Avenue was first developed as a residential district during the Civil War, as the downtown district became more business-oriented. By the turn of the century, Woodward was developed as far north as the present location of Interstate 94 as an upperclass residential section; mansions of society&#39;s elite were interspersed with architecturally significant churches. Although only a few of the mansions along Woodward remain (of the handful still extant, the David Whitney House, Col. Frank J. Hecker House, and Samuel L. Smith House are all on the National Register), many of the churches are represented in this TR.</p><br>
<p>After the turn of the century, and as the automobile expanded the scope of the city, Woodward rapidly changed character from an upscale residential area to a mix of commercial and multiple-family dwellings. Heirs to the 19th century mansions lining Woodward were already ensconced in their own homes in Boston-Edison, Arden Park-East Boston, or Virginia Park, and as the owners of the Woodward properties died, their homes were broken into apartments or razed. As congregants moved northward, more churches were established north of Grand Boulevard to serve people in the area. A string of churches were constructed in the 1920s and 1930s in this area.</p><br>
<p>In 1909, the Highland Park Ford Plant was completed in Highland Park, and a substantial population increase occurred in that city. More churches were constructed in Highland Park near this time to meet their needs.</p><br>
<p>In 1935-1936, Woodward was substantially widened just north of downtown Detroit, and nearly every building on the east side of the street between downtown and Forest Avenue was torn down; many of the churches in this TR were required to rebuild their facades. In the 1950s and 60s, most of the rest of the early homes in the area were torn down.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The structures in this TR are diverse in age and architectural style. Broken into age and style, there are:</p><br>
<p>three High Victorian Gothic churches (1859-1887)</p><br>
<p>two Richardson Romanesque structures (with two others already on the Register) (1889-1896)</p><br>
<p>two neo-classical synagogues (1902-1922)</p><br>
<p>five Gothic style, central-plan churches (1909-1926)</p><br>
<p>seven neo-Gothic churches (1908-1930)</p><br>
<p>However, the structures are unified in that all are of stone (or brick with stone strim) construction. Most structures occupy corner lots, and most contain, in addition to the main church, a parich house, rectory, and/or smaller chapel. All structures sit well back from the streetline, save for those affected by the 1935-36 widening of Woodward.</p><br>
<p>These structures represent significant work by notable architects. Albert Kahn, who was best known for his concrete-reinforced industrial buildings, designed both of the Temples Beth-El (he was a congregant), as well as a portion of the First Congregational Church. Sidney Rose Badgley designed the Woodward Avenue Presbyterian Church as well as the Highland Park Presbyterian Church. The former is an excellent example of Badgleys trademark auditorium church style with steel-framed octagonal lantern dome atop. Ralph A. Cram designed the St. Paul Cathedral, and it is a major work early in the architects career. Gordon W. Lloyd, who designed the Central United Methodist Church, was one of Michigans most prominent late 19th century church architects. Likewise, William E. N. Hunter, who designed the Highland Park First United Methodist Church and the Metropolitan United Methodist Church, was one of Michigans most prominent early 20th century church architects.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The submission includes nineteen architecturally and historically significant structures, stretching over six miles along Woodward Avenue from Grand Circus Park in Detroit to just south of McNichols. The structures included, in order from south to north, are:</p><br>
<p>In addition, three other religious structures along Woodward were listed on the National Historic Register before the Religious Structures of Woodward Ave. TR was approved. These three are:</p><br>
<p>The Amistad Gymnasium is a historic gymnasium located in Amistad, New Mexico. The gymnasium was proposed in 1935 by the Works Progress Administration; construction was completed in 1937. The WPA built many gymnasiums in rural New Mexico during the Great Depression, as these projects provided jobs and a community meeting place to residents. The gymnasium in Amistad was no different, as it created roughly 50 construction jobs and hosted community dances, gatherings, and sporting events. The building has a Pueblo Revival style design with Art Deco influences, reflecting the WPA&#39;s tradition of incorporating local styles into modern designs. Two Zia suns on the front of the building denote its year of completion.</p><br>
<p>The gymnasium was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Brandeis House is a National Historic Landmark on Judges Way, a private way off Stage Neck Road  in Chatham, Massachusetts. It stands on a neck of land near the Oyster Pond River. It received its landmark designation in 1972 as the principal summer residence of Louis Brandeis, an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, who summered here from 1922 until his death in 1941.</p><br>
<p>The main block of the 1-1/2 story wood frame house was probably built in the early decades of the 19th century, and exhibits typical vernacular Cape architecture. It has a five-bay facade, with a steeply pitched roof and a central chimney. Both slopes of the gable roof have shed dormers that run most of the houses length; these were probably added in the 20th century before the Brandeises bought the property. Two ells project from the rear of the house: a two-story kitchen and dormitory wing, and a single-story wing containing a maids room, laundry, additional guest rooms, and a garage. A rustic cottage northwest of the main house provides additional sleeping quarters. The house&#39;s water was traditionally supplied by a windmill which was destroyed by a hurricane in 1944. A porch once extended across the front and side of the house, but this was removed later in the 20th century, replaced by a brick patio.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house has seen a number of alterations, both during and after Brandeis time. It has an early two-stage staircase between the front entry and the chimney, leading to a number of simple bedrooms on the second floor. To the right of the entry a door leads the main bedroom, and to the left is the living room. Both of these rooms have doorways to a narrow dining area at the back of the main block. Brandeis study, a glassed-in space, lay just off the main bedroom off the north end of the porch.</p><br>
<p>Louis Brandeis was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson. His nomination was controversial, in part because he was the first Jew appointed, and because of his socially liberal views. During his time on the court, the Brandeises lived in an apartment in Washington, D.C. They fell in love with the Chatham area on a visit to the Cape in 1922, and purchased this property. They returned here every summer. Brandeis would work on cases, spend time with his family, and entertain guests. He retired from the court in 1939, and died in Washington in 1941. At the time of its National Historic Landmark designation in 1972, the property remained in the hands of his descendants.</p><br>
<p>Burntside Lake is a 7,139 acre lake, located 3 mi northwest of Ely, Minnesota, in Saint Louis County, Minnesota. Its western boundary adjoins the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness on Tamarack Creek.</p><br>
<p>Native fish include Bluegill, Golden Shiner, Green Sunfish, Lake Trout, Lake Whitefish, Northern Pike, Rainbow Smelt, Rock Bass, Shorthead Redhorse, Smallmouth Bass, Walleye, White Sucker and Yellow Perch.</p><br>
<p>On its shores are two resorts with original hand-scribed log cabins built in the early 1900s and operating continuously since then: historic Burntside Lodge (1913) and Camp Van Vac (1918). The YMCAs Camp Widjiwagan is also located on the lakes shore.</p><br>
<p>Burntside Lake&#39;s more than 100 islands include</p><br>
<p>Beach</p><br>
<p>Bear</p><br>
<p>Berry; Blueberry</p><br>
<p>Brownell</p><br>
<p>Burnt</p><br>
<p>Burntside Islands</p><br>
<p>Dollar</p><br>
<p>Evans</p><br>
<p>Good Dog</p><br>
<p>Half Dollar</p><br>
<p>Honeymoon</p><br>
<p>Indian</p><br>
<p>Lockhart</p><br>
<p>Long</p><br>
<p>Lost Girl</p><br>
<p>Miller</p><br>
<p>Oliver</p><br>
<p>Picnic</p><br>
<p>Porkchop</p><br>
<p>Ripple</p><br>
<p>Snake</p><br>
<p>State</p><br>
<p>Sumpter</p><br>
<p>Waters; and many more.</p><br>
<p>Long Island was recently acquired by the Trust for Public Land.</p><br>
<p>The Burntside Islands (Snellman and Pine) are SNAs (Scientific and Natural Areas, gifted by the Nature Conservancy) held by the DNR.</p><br>
<p>Hancock Shaker Village is a former Shaker village in Hancock, Massachusetts that was established in 1791. It was the third of nineteen major Shaker villages established between 1783 and 1836 in New York, New England, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana under the leadership of "Mother" Ann Lee and later Joseph Meacham and Lucy Wright.</p><br>
<p>The village was closed by the Shakers in 1960, and sold to a local group, who now operate the property as a museum. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Shaker religion began in Manchester, England in 1747 and found its leader in a charismatic young woman named Ann Lee. In 1770, she is said to have had visions and revelations which taught her that only by renouncing sexual relations could humankind ever achieve entrance into heaven. After enduring persecution in England, a small group of Shakers, including Lee, set sail for America in 1774. They came to settle in the Albany, New York area, and from there expanded through missionary trips in the Northeast. Mother Ann died in 1784. What had started as a small following eventually expanded to a religion that, at its height in the mid-nineteenth century, claimed over 5,000 believers. The Shakers are a religious order who believe in pacifism, celibacy, communal living, and gender equality. In the nineteenth century Shaker worship included singing, shaking, and ecstatic dance, which is why they were called the "Shaking Quakers," or "Shakers." The utopian sect is known for its plain architecture and furniture. A handful of Shakers still practice their faith in a Shaker settlement in Sabbathday Lake, Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Hancock community was started in 1783 with the consolidation of land donated by converted farmers, many of them members of the Goodrich family, who were New Light Baptists in the congregation of Valentine Rathbun. Elder Calvin Harlow and Eldress Sarah Harrison were the first leaders of the Hancock Shakers. The group was poor at first, but with good leadership, hard work, and thrift, they attracted more members and built a thriving community of several communal families.</p><br>
<p>All supported themselves by the proceeds of their farmland. The Hancock Shakers were primarily dairy farmers. The raising and sale of garden seeds was perhaps the most lucrative of their early businesses. Land acquisition and conversion continued for decades, with the area peaking at 3,000 acre and the population rising to over 300. After reaching peak membership in the 1840s, the Shaker movement gradually dwindled, partially due to the urban migration that accompanied the Industrial Revolution, and by the westward migration of New England&#39;s youth. By the early twentieth century, the population of the village had fallen to around 50, most of whom were children. The remaining Shakers sold off their excess land, and many buildings were destroyed. The decision was eventually made in 1960 to close the village and sell the property and buildings.</p><br>
<p>Non-Shakers were impressed by the Hancock Shaker property—scrupulously clean, neat, and well-tended—and their innovations in farming, such as the round barn that attracted much attention (see description below). Visitors also praised Hancock Shakers&#39; products, including boxes "of beautiful workmanship" and garden seeds. Before 1820, the village was prosperous and the Shakers were respected as good neighbors.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>1826 Round Stone Barn</h3><br>
<p>One of the most notable buildings is the "Round Stone Barn" built in 1826. That barn was built in a circular shape for several reasons, the primary one being that it was the most functional.</p><br>
<p>Inside the barn there are four rings. The innermost is also the smallest and is used for ventilation. This ventilation is necessary to help draw the moisture up and out of the hay which prevents mold from growing and the hay from eventually spontaneously combusting. The next ring out is where the hay was stored. It was tossed in from an upper level. That balcony was accessible by ox-drawn wagon via a ramp outdoors. Because the barn was round the wagons could enter, unload the hay and then exit the barn without ever having to back up. The third ring out was where the Shaker brothers would walk to distribute the hay in the second ring to the cows standing in the outermost, fourth ring. The barn could hold up to 70 cows at a time. They would go to the barn twice a day: once in the morning and once in the evening to be milked. Inside the barn they were put into wooden stanchions. Standing there, the cows could eat while the brothers milked them. The floor of the outermost ring is split level, with the inner part raised up 3 in. This was so that the milk buckets were not on the same level as the manure which was unsanitary. In addition to separating the milk from manure, the Shakers developed a way of both efficiently removing the manure from the complex but using it for compost. Approximately every four feet around the outermost ring, there was a trapdoor which was used to quickly scoop the manure on the floor into the trapdoor into a pit beneath the barn. Other workers would then venture to this pit in order to transport the manure to their gardens to be used as fertilizer.</p><br>
<h3>1830 Brick Dwelling</h3><br>
<p>The other iconic building is the large red-brick dwelling the Hancock Shakers built in 1830 served as dormitory housing to more than one hundred brothers and sisters. The dwelling, like the barn, shows the Shakers&#39; prosperity, as well as their appreciation of the benefits of space, ventilation, and labor-saving modern conveniences such as water piped indoors. The dwelling was a good advertisement for the creature comforts the society provided to its members. In modern times, the visitors to the Hancock Shaker Village can experience authentic Shaker meals in the dining room in the Brick Dwelling. Though the guests are no longer required to separate by sex while they eat, the event maintains its authenticity with its use of sermons, songs, hymns and reliance on natural and candle light.</p><br>
<p>The dwelling also shows how the sexes lived apart under one roof. Wide hallways separate the brethrens rooms from the sisters rooms; separate doors and stairways for men and women meant that a sister never had to pass a brother going through those openings. Men and women ate at opposite ends of the dining room. The dwelling also has features unusual in habitations of their era; interior windows for borrowed light to illuminate an otherwise-dark stairwell, built-in cabinets and cases of drawers, dumb-waiters for moving food and dishes between the downstairs kitchen and the dining room on the floor above, an abundance of windows for light and ventilation. All of the windows in the building, rather than having a 90 degree angle with the wall, form a 45 (approx.) degree angle in the wall, which allows approximately 30 percent more light into the building—something that significantly keep the electrical bills low while experiencing more natural light.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>In 1960, the Shaker Central Ministry closed the Hancock community, and sold its buildings and land. Purchasers formed the not-for-profit Hancock Shaker Village, Inc. to preserve the historic site. The museum opened on July 1, 1961, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1968. The museum&#39;s mission statement is "to bring the Shaker story to life and preserve it for future generations."</p><br>
<p>Over 60,000 people a year visit the museum between April and October. It has 20 historic buildings with over 22,000 artifacts, extensive gardens, a working farm, and hiking trails, and runs craft demonstrations. Several special celebrations take place throughout the season, including Baby Animals on the Shaker Farm in the spring and Country Fair in the fall.</p><br>
<h2>As film location</h2><br>
<p>Hancock Shaker Village was included in Bob Vila&#39;s A&E Network productionGuide to Historic Homes of America. On May 4, 2012,The Berkshire Eagle reported that Hancock Shaker Village was one of several local sites chosen for shooting in a low-budget thriller film, The Secret Village, with a climax at Hancock Village. The film crew shot scenes on-site on May 3, 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Cabot Lodge House is a National Historic Landmark at 5 Cliff Street in Nahant, Massachusetts. It was designated as the only known residential building associated with United States Senator Henry Cabot Lodge . Lodge was a leading Republican politician who was a longtime associate of President Theodore Roosevelt, and an influential figure who led the successful opposition to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I.</p><br>
<p>It is unclear exactly when and for whom the Henry Cabot Lodge House was built. It was known to be owned by Lodges grandfather Henry in 1850, Stylistically the house is unusual for New England, and is based on a type of plantation house popular in the West Indies in the late 19th century. The house was used by the Lodge family as a summer house after the main Lodge residence (since torn down) was built at Nahants East Point, and both Lodge and his like-named grandson reported spending childhood years at the house. The house was sold out of the Lodge family after the elder Lodge&#39;s death.</p><br>
<p>The house is a two story brick structure measuring about 50 ft by 48 ft, resting on a brick foundation that is set in a low artificial earthen mound. The exterior walls have been stuccoed, and the roof is a low pitch hip roof pierced by four slender chimneys. The building is encircled by a two story veranda, which is sheltered by the roof and supported by twelve latticework pillars (four at the corners and two additional ones on each side). On the western corner of the first floor the veranda has been closed in to provide a sun room.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Story House is a historic house on 26 Winter Street, facing the Salem Common in Salem, Massachusetts. Built in 1811, this house was home from then until his death of United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Joseph Story , a leading jurist of the time, and an influential figure in the early years of Harvard Law School. A well-preserved example of Federal architecture executed in brick, it is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Story House is a three story brick structure with a hip roof and two interior chimneys. The walls are laid in Flemish bond, with granite trim above and below the windows. The windows are six-over-six sash windows, with those on the third floor shorter than those on the lower floors. A three story addition, narrower in depth than the main block and set back, extends to the left. The main entrance, centered on the main block, is sheltered by a portico that is probably early 20th century. The front of the ell has a bay window of similar vintage and styling. The interior is very well preserved, retaining original woodwork, plasterwork, and other decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1811 for Joseph Story, who was in that same year named an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court by President James Madison; just 32 at the time, he was its youngest-ever justice. During his distinguished career on the bench, he made groundbreaking jurisprudence, particularly in the area of admiralty law, and was known for his erudite and thoroughly-thought opinions. He also rendered opinions important in establishing and defining the relationship between the federal government and the states.</p><br>
<p>Story owned the house until his death in 1845. He played host to a number of luminaries, including James Madison (in 1817) and the Marquis de Lafayette. The house is also the birthplace in 1819 of Story&#39;s son William Wetmore Story, a well-known sculptor.</p><br>
<p>The house is located in the Salem Common Historic District (Salem, Massachusetts) and was designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, also known as Daniel Webster Law Office, is a National Historic Landmark on the grounds of the Isaac Winslow House at 64 Careswell Street in Marshfield, Massachusetts. The office was built in 1832 for Daniel Webster as part of his expansive Marshfield estate. It housed part of his collection of law and agricultural books, and served as a retreat from the main house. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The law office is a small, single-room, single-story wood frame structure with a gable roof. It is sheathed in clapboards, and has 12-over-12 sash windows on two sides, with the door on a third side. The fourth side has two windows framing a central fireplace. The office stands on ground that was once part of Websters large (more than 1,200 acre) "Green Fields" estate, which he made his home from 1832 until his death in 1852. Websters main house burned down in 1878, although it was rebuilt by the family, making this the only building associated with Webster on his estate to survive. In 1966 the local historical society rescued the law office, then in poor condition, from demolition, and moved it to its present location. Its original location is on the grounds of the Thomas–Webster Estate, a town-owned property that is also open to the public. The building may be seen as part of the Winslow House museum. As of May 2015 The Law Office has been return to the grounds of the Daniel Webster Estate. The Marshfield Historical Commission is responsible for Daniel Webster’s law office, a National Historic Landmark owned by the town. This is the original building used as an office by Webster at his Green Harbor estate.</p><br>
<p>The law office will be open to the public after much needed renovation.</p><br>
<p>The John Whipple House is a historic colonial house at 53 South Main Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Built in the seventeenth century, the house has been open to the public as a museum since 1899, and was the subject of some of the earliest attempts at the preservation of colonial houses. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, one of the earliest properties to receive that honor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the three-story wood-frame First Period house was begun by Captain John Whipple in 1677 at the corner of Saltonstall and Market Streets. This initial construction consisted of a half-house timber frame with a chimney on the right side. In 1690, his son Major John Whipple added a second half-house to the right of the entryway. By 1705, a series of 3-sided 1-story timber frame additions (lean-tos) had been added on the west side of the house, including a kitchen (the third chimney), a buttery, and sleeping quarters for the household slaves and servants. Circa 1710, the west roof of the primary house was raised and extended over the lean-tos creating 4 additional slope-ceiling rooms. The total room count was then 14, not including the fully usable 3rd-floor attic above the primary structure. This was a very large house then (and now), with high ceilings in all rooms except the lean-tos, a prominent location near the mills and with land abutting the Ipswich River. It became known as “The Mansion”, a title it retained for more than a century.</p><br>
<p>In the 1720s, a daughter who had inherited the house from Major John Whipple altered the facade and some of the interior to reflect the new and fashionable Georgian-style architecture. This required the removal of gables from the east facade and the replacement of diamond-paned leaded-glass casement windows with the new-style sash windows. The main entry timbered door was replaced with a paneled door with a window above.</p><br>
<p>The interior rooms received plastered ceilings and walls, and discreet camouflaging of the exposed timber frame members. The house and room configuration remained in this state until 1898, when it was purchased by the Ipswich Historical Society. The property had fallen into decline, after serving for a few years as the Mill managers’ home, then a boarding house for mill workers and finally as a veritable tenement.</p><br>
<p>The Historical Society restored some of the interior to the assumed 17th-century style and replaced the Georgian windows and exterior doors with reproductions of the 17th-century originals. It was opened to the public as a House Museum in 1899. In 1927, it was moved to its current location, on the opposite side of the river, surrounded by 10 acre of woods, field and garden. The house is sited on the same compass points as it was originally.</p><br>
<p>When extensive termite damage was found in the east façade in the 1950s, the house was closed and extensive restoration was begun. The exposed interior skeleton of this facade revealed the prior existence of 2 gables, which were then included in the restoration project. All new casement windows with hand-blown glass set in hand-leaded frames were installed and the house was re-opened to the public. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, the first year such designations were made, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The house features oak, tamarack, pine and chestnut framework, and original plasterwork. Some remaining sash windows in lean-to rooms date to the 1690s. The Ipswich Historical Society is now the Ipswich Museum and offers house tours for the public from late May to late October, Thursdays – Sundays.</p><br>
<p>The General Rufus Putnam House  is a National Historic Landmark at 344 Main Street in Rutland, Worcester County, Massachusetts, US.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two-story wood-frame house was built between 1760 and 1765 by John Murray, a Scots-Irish immigrant. Murray became a Mandamus Councillor, who enforced the tax laws and was only responsible to the governor and king. On August 24, 1774, an angry mob forced him to flee his home. He escaped to Boston and later to New Brunswick, never to return. Murray&#39;s daughter had married Daniel Bliss. They were also Loyalists and lived in the house. During the American Revolutionary War, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts confiscated the property.</p><br>
<p>On May 24, 1781, General Rufus Putnam purchased the property from the government for 993 pounds and lived there until 1788. He left to settle the Northwest Territories as a leader of the Ohio Company of Associates. There he helped found Marietta, Ohio and built a new home, also NRHP listed.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972, in recognition of its association with Putnam. The home is currently operated as a Bed and Breakfast.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a wood-frame two-story house sheathed in clapboard, with a hipped roof and two interior brick chimneys. A two-story addition was added to the rear of the house early in the 20th century. The house front is five bays wide, with a center doorway that is flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom window and flat pediment. The interior of the main block consists of four rooms on each floor, surrounding a central hallway with stairwell. The second-floor bedrooms have retained much of their original woodwork, including pine wainscoting and paneling. Some of the first-floor rooms have had floors replaced using floorboards taken from the attic.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Meade Historical Museum is housed in the first indoor school of Fort Meade, Florida, and is located on the corner of Tecumseh Avenue and Main Street .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The schoolhouse, built in 1885, was donated to the Fort Meade Historical Society and moved from its original site on South Lanier Avenue to the present location in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Following the year as a school, this building served as a private residence and then a boarding house. Extensive renovation took place in 1990 and 1991 on the first floor. The building was then inactive until 1998, when a small group of volunteers took an interest and started to put some of the collection artifacts into place.</p><br>
<p>In 1999 refurbishing of the second floor began to accommodate the extensive collection of the Historical Society and in September 2000, the museum was opened to the public. Many of the treasures within the museum were donated by descendants of the pioneer families of the community. The museum also holds a pictorial collection of the historic homes that can be found throughout Fort Meade.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Old Fort Meade School House is located within the bounds of the Fort Meade Historic District which is a USA historic district (designated as such on July 29, 1994) located in Fort Meade, Florida. The district is bounded by North 3rd Street, Orange Avenue, South 3rd Street and Sand Mountain Road. It contains 151 historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Francis Parkman House is a National Historic Landmark at 50 Chestnut Street, on Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. Probably designed by Cornelius Coolidge and built in 1824, it is one of a series of fine brick townhouses on Beacon Hill. Its significance lies in its ownership and occupancy by noted historian and horticulturalist Francis Parkman  from 1865 until his death. While living here, Parkman produced a significant portion of his landmark work, France and England in North America, a multi-volume epic history recounting the conflict for control of North America in the 17th and 18th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Francis Parkman House is located on Chestnut Street, a residential side street which parallels Beacon Street west of the Massachusetts State House. The street was laid out in the early 19th century, and was one of the places where architect Cornelius Coolidge designed and built townhouses. The Parkman House was built in 1824 by John Hubbard, a builder who often collaborated with Coolidge.</p><br>
<p>It is a three story brick structure, set on the south side of the street on a lot that extends to Branch Street, and includes a small garden in the back. It is one of a series of buildings characterized by flat fronts and stone trim. The facade is two bays wide, with the left bay narrower than the right. The left bay has the entrance on the first floor, recessed under a round arch whose exterior is faced in stone and whose interior walls are finished in wood paneling. The doorway is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight window. The windows above the door are six-over-six sash windows. On the right side, the windows on the lower two floors are six-over-six sash windows flanked on both sides by two-over-two windows, with double-width shutters. The windows at each level are slightly shorter than those on the level below, and the third floor right-side sash window has no flanking windows.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house is organized with the stairwell on the left, and three rooms on each level, with the kitchen originally located in the basement. The building was converted into four apartments in 1956, but much of the original woodwork and plasterwork was retained in this process.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. This house is not to be confused with the George Francis Parkman Mansion, 33 Beacon Street, which is owned by the city, and was also a Coolidge design.</p><br>
<h2>Francis Parkman</h2><br>
<p>Francis Parkman (1823–1893) was born in Boston and educated at Harvard University, where he studied under historian Jared Sparks. When Parkman purchased this house in 1853, he had already published the first volume of what would become France and England in North America, a monumental work about the conflict between Great Britain and France for control of North America that cemented Parkman&#39;s reputation as a gifted writer and a leading historian of second half of the 19th century. Beset by medical problems, Parkman temporarily abandoned that work, and became and expert in the field of horticulture, serving as a professor at Harvard and as president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Parkman eventually returned to his historical writing, working in a study at the front of the third floor of this townhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Enoch Kelsey House is a historic house museum at 1702 Main Street in Newington, Connecticut. Built about 1799, it is a well-preserved example Federal period residential architecture. Originally located near the New Britain line, it was moved to its present site in 1979 to save it from demolition. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Enoch Kelsey House stands about 0.5 mi south of Newington center, facing south onto Copper Beech Lane at its junction with Main Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom window and a corniced entablature.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Enoch Kelsey and his son, David Kelsey, probably c. 1799. Enoch was a farmer and tinsmith. Enoch was born August 12, 1717 in Wethersfield, Connecticut. He married Mary Bidwell, and together they had twelve children. David was his second, born in 1760. The house was originally located on the western end of Kelsey Street, across from Christian Lane. The home features rare, freehand painted wall decorations, basement to attic paneling, a beehive oven and fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 the house was scheduled for demolition, and the Newington Historical Society gained permission to first go inside and inspect some of the artwork that was rumored to be inside. When the volunteers entered the house and found the artwork, they began fundraising in order to perform the renovations needed to make the building into a museum. The house was moved to its current location at the intersection of Main Street and Copper Beech Road. It is now a historic house museum run by the Newington Historical Society. It is open to the public May–September on the first Sunday of every month.</p><br>
<p>The home of Enoch&#39;s brother Ezekiel Kelsey is also a historic home in Berlin, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe House is a historic rowhouse at 13 Chestnut Street in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for its association with the social reform couple, Julia Ward Howe and Samuel Gridley Howe. The Howes lived in the house, which was likely designed by renowned Boston architect Charles Bulfinch, from 1863 to 1866. It has served as the temporary official residence of the British Consul General to New England since 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building is a four-story brick row house, one of three adjoining "Swan Houses" built by Hepzibah Swan, a wealthy widow, between 1804 and 1805 for her daughters. They are now accepted to have been designed by the noteworthy architect Charles Bulfinch, although documentary evidence supporting this notion is lacking, and the attribution has been attended with controversy. The house has a Georgian recessed doorway, windows recessed in arches on the first floor, and wrought iron railings on the second-floor windows.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Gridley Howe (1801–1876) was a medical doctor and an early champion of support for the physically handicapped. He was a founder and the first head (for 44 years) of what is now called the Perkins School for the Blind. In 1843 he married Julia Ward (1819–1910), the daughter of a wealthy New York City banker. The two were influential forces in the social reform movements of the mid-to-late 19th century, working to advance the causes of the abolition of slavery, including actively heading the Boston Vigilance Committee, which assisted fugitive slaves in the 1850s. Julia Ward Howe became nationally famous after writing "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" while visiting Washington, D. C. not long after moving into this house. She was a supporter and organizer of reform movements which long outlived her, notably those that supported women&#39;s suffrage.</p><br>
<p>The Howes lived for many years after their marriage at "Green Peace", a house which no longer stands, in South Boston. Thereafter they lived at a number of Boston addresses, of which this is the most significant. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is a private residence and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Mount Dainichi is a mountain located in the cities of Gujō and Takayama in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Ryōhaku Mountains and has a height of 1,709 m. The rain that falls on the mountain flows into three rivers: the Nagara River, the Shō River and the Kuzuryū River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Taichō (泰澄, 682–April 20, 767) was the first person to climb Mount Dainichi in 717. From the peak of the mountain, hikers can pray to nearby Mount Haku.</p><br>
<p>In pre-modern Japan, Mount Dainichi formed part of the border between Mino, Hida and Echizen provinces. Originally located in the village of Itoshiro in Fukui Prefecture, it became part of Gifu Prefecture during the "Great Shōwa Mergers" in 1958. It was first part of the town of Shirotori, which was later merged into the city of Gujō.</p><br>
<p>The W.E.B. Du Bois Boyhood Homesite  is a National Historic Landmark in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, commemorating an important location in the life of African American intellectual and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois . The site contains foundational remnants of the home of Du Bois&#39; grandfather, where Du Bois lived for the first five years of his life. Du Bois was given the house in 1928, and planned to renovate it, but was unable to do so. He sold it in 1954 and the house was torn down later that decade. The site is located on South Egremont Road , west of the junction with Route 71.</p><br>
<p>Plans to develop the site as a memorial to Du Bois in the late 1960s were delayed due to local opposition. The sites proponents attributed this in part to racism, but opinions were generally expressed as opposition to Du Bois more radical politics in later life. On May 11, 1976 the site was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The site was donated to the state in 1987, and is administered by the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Burghardt family (of Dutch origin) was present in the vicinity of Great Barrington, Massachusetts in colonial times, with documented ownership of land in the area from the 1740s. Tom Burghardt, an African-American slave of the family with Dutch, English, African and Native American ancestry, probably earned his freedom for his participation in the American Revolutionary War. One of his descendants was Mary Silvinia Burghardt, the mother of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (commonly referred to as W.E.B. Du Bois), born in 1868. He became a leading African American intellectual, civil rights activist, and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).</p><br>
<p>By the early 19th century, the "Black Burghardts" had settled in the Egremont Plain area a few miles outside the center of Great Barrington. Du Bois birthplace was torn down around 1900). When abandoned by Du Bois father, his mother moved with her infant son to the house of her parents, Othello Burghardt and his wife. In his 1928 article, "The House of the Black Burghardts", Du Bois described the house as "a delectable place &mdash; simple, square and low, with the great room of the fireplace, the flagged kitchen, half a step below, and the lower woodshed beyond. Steep strong stairs led to Sleep, while without was a brook, a well and a mighty elm."</p><br>
<p>When Du Bois was five years old, his grandfather died, and his grandmother was forced to sell her house to settle debts. Du Bois mother moved the family into Great Barrington, where she struggled to support her son. A gifted student, Du Bois attended Fisk University on scholarship and with funds raised by members of his First Congregational Church in town. He completed a second bachelors degree at Harvard, as well as graduate work there and in Berlin, becoming the first African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard. He embarked on a distinguished career. Over the next decades, Du Bois periodically returned to Great Barrington. His children were born there (in the homes of maternal relatives). He buried his son Burghardt (1887–89) and wife Nina (d. 1950) there. In 1906, he sent his young family to Great Barrington from where he was working in Atlanta, Georgia, after that year&#39;s race riots.</p><br>
<p>Dubois expressed interest in purchasing his grandfather&#39;s property on a visit to Great Barrington in 1925. Three years later the brothers Joel and Arthur Spingarn, both civil rights activists involved in the NAACP, raised funds and purchased the old Burghardt homestead as a gift to Du Bois for his sixtieth birthday. Du Bois had plans to transform the property into a middle-class summer retreat, but financial difficulties and his move in 1934 from New York City to Atlanta made it too difficult to accomplish that. Du Bois finally sold the property to a neighbor in 1954, who had the house (by then dilapidated) torn down.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion to memorial</h2><br>
<p>In 1967 Walter Wilson and Edmund W. Gordon purchased two parcels of the old Burghardt lands, including the site of the Burghardt house, that form a U shape around a private residence, and announced the intention of converting the property into a park to commemorate Du Bois. This plan met with local opposition. Wilson and Gordon were both outsiders: Wilson was a controversial area real estate developer originally from Tennessee, and Gordon was from New York City.</p><br>
<p>Opposition was generally couched as criticism of Du Bois for his Communist sympathies and his renunciation of American citizenship for that of Ghana late in life. He died and was buried there. This was a period in the United States of growing controversy related to the Vietnam War and tumultuous social changes, and Du Bois position was resented by veterans organizations such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars. Wilson worked to explain Du Bois&#39; complex legacy and support for civil rights. He noted that Benedict Arnold was memorialized at Saratoga for his role in the 1777 Battles of Saratoga despite his later treason during the Revolution. Some supporters of the memorial suspected the FBI was behind the opposition (Du Bois having been under its scrutiny because of his Communist views). The FBI was found to have considered planting a critical news story, but it concluded that local opposition was sufficient and did not intervene. Wilson felt that many opponents were motivated by racial issues, although no opposition was expressed in racial terms. This was a period in which the Civil Rights Movement had captured national attention, court decisions, and legislation that resulted in major changes.</p><br>
<p>Wilson and Gordon established the Du Bois Memorial Foundation to take ownership of the property. Funded in part by high-profile donors including Ruby Dee, Ossie Davis, Sidney Poitier, and Norman Rockwell, the foundation received the property in September 1969 and dedicated it to Du Bois later that year. Local hostility continued; the Berkshire Courier, while counseling against violence, suggested the site be vandalized. The town briefly threatened to prevent the dedication ceremony, suggesting there was a question as to whether the intended use of the site met local zoning regulations.</p><br>
<p>Over the next ten years, the Foundation did not develop the property in any significant way. Its members were reluctant to place permanent markers and displays on it for fear of vandalism or theft. In 1976, a decade after Du Bois&#39; death, the site was designated a National Historic Landmark, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1983 the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, with the permission of the Foundation, began a series of archaeological excavations on the property, seeking to research the history of the "Black Burghardt" family. It already had amassed a collection of Du Bois papers. In 1987 the Foundation turned the property over to the state, with the university as its steward. The university paid for the construction of a parking area and the installation of interpretive signs.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Since the late 20th century, the two parcels of land that form the 5 acre site have been planted with a thick grove of pine trees. A path leads north from the parking area to an informational kiosk about Du Bois and his life. From there another path leads west, into a small depression where a memorial boulder was installed with a commemorative plaque. Near the southwest corner of the property are the remnants of the original house&#39;s stone foundation. Although Great Barrington residents have come to support the Du Bois legacy and have marked other places in town important in his life, the site has been the occasional target of vandalism. But this happens in many public places. The site is considered part of the Upper Housatonic Valley National Heritage Area.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Wendell Holmes House is a historic house at 868 Hale Street in the Beverly Farms section of Beverly, Massachusetts. Built c. 1880, this modest Victorian wood-frame house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972, as the only surviving structure associated with the life of Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. , whose summer home it was from 1909 until his death.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Holmes House is a 2-1/2 wood frame structure, with a steeply-pitched gable roof, and three brick chimneys. Its exterior is sheathed in wooden clapboards, with shingles in the front-facing gable end and on the sides of a shed-roof dormer. The house is roughly T-shaped, with a porch that originally wrapped around two sides, but has since been partly enclosed. The rear of the house is a full-height service ell, and a carriage house stands behind the main house. A gravel drive leads from the street, around the north side of the house, to the carriage house.</p><br>
<p>The house was built between 1875 and 1880 by Asa Obear Marshall, and was sold by his widow to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in 1909. The Holmeses divided their time between this house and a residence in Washington, D.C., generally staying here between June and October. While here, Holmes would continue to work on cases, and would entertain legal and political luminaries, including Louis Brandeis, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Albert Beveridge. It was here that he was introduced to Harold Laski, a British politician and economist with whom he maintained a long correspondence.</p><br>
<p>After Holmes&#39; death in 1935, the house was sold and its contents dispersed. It remains in private hands.</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Hall is a National Historic Landmark at 9 Chestnut Street in Salem, Massachusetts. Designed by noted Salem builder Samuel McIntire and built in 1805–07, it is an excellent instance of a public Federal style building. It was built as a social space for the leading families of Salem, and was named for Founding Father and Federalist Party leader Alexander Hamilton. It continues to function as a social hall today: it is used for events, private functions, weddings and is also home to a series of lectures that originated in 1944 by The Ladies Committee.</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Hall is a three story brick structure at the corner of Chestnut and Cambridge Streets, with its gable end front facing Cambridge Street. The brick is laid in a Flemish bond pattern. The entrance facade is five bays wide, with a center entry consisting of double doors sheltered by a Greek Revival porch added c. 1845. This rectangular portico has a flat roof, supported at each corner by two Doric columns. The first floor of the long side (facing Chestnut Street) consists of six bays, of which five are windows and one is a door. The upper level (equal in height to the upper two levels on the front facade) consists of five large Palladian windows set in a slightly recessed arch. Above each of these is a panel with decorations carved by McIntire. The outer four have a swag design, while the central one features an eagle and shield.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the hall was funded by a group of Salem&#39;s Federalist merchant families, and cost $22,000. There were original retail spaces at the entrance on the ground floor, housing vendors who sold goods for use in the events held in the upstairs function space. The second level ballroom features an unusual curved balcony and a sprung floor suitable for dancing.</p><br>
<p>The building was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is a contributing property to the Chestnut Street District, and part of the local McIntire Historic District, in which a high concentration of McIntire&#39;s works are found.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Bellamy House is a National Historic Landmark at 91–93 Church Street in the Chicopee Falls section of the city of Chicopee, Massachusetts. Its landmark designation was in honor of journalist and Utopian writer Edward Bellamy , whose home it was for most of his life.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1852, Bellamys father moved the family into the house after its construction. Bellamy grew up in the house, and returned there after completing his studies and a brief stint of work in New York City. He did much of his writing (both journalistic and otherwise) in his fathers study until the latters death in 1886, after which Bellamys family took over the entire house. It was in these years that Bellamy wrote Looking Backward, the work that brought him fame. His principal absences from Chicopee were made in a quest to improve his tubercular health, which eventually claimed his life.</p><br>
<p>The property had only two private owners after the Bellamys before it was acquired in the 1970s by the Edward Bellamy Memorial Association and restored. The association operates part of the property as a historic house museum, and rents out office space in the remainder. The building is not architecturally distinguished, and has undergone a variety of alterations.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The main part of the house is two stories high, with a gable end facing the street. It is three window bays wide, with the front door occupying the righthand bay. A single story porch extends across the width of this part of the house. The pediment of the street-facing gable end has a small circular window in it.</p><br>
<p>The house has three additions. A single story addition extends from the rear of the house, and a two story addition extends to the main house&#39;s right, with its roof gable perpendicular to that of the main house. A single story ell extends further to the right from the second addition. The main house is numbered 91 Church Street, while a separate entrance from the second addition is numbered 93.</p><br>
<p>Inside the main house, a stairway leads up from the front entry, with a parlor occupying the space to the left. The dining room is behind the parlor, with the kitchen occupying the first addition. The parlor and dining room have matching fireplaces with black marble mantels. The upstairs of the main house has three bedrooms, one of which has a builtin desk and bookcases, and may have been used as a study.</p><br>
<p>The two story addition and the ell to its right effectively form a second dwelling space. Accessible via an outside entrance and a door in the main houses entry hall, this space has seen multiple uses over the course of the houses history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1852. Rufus and Maria Bellamy moved there from a nearby house when their son Edward was still a baby. Edward Bellamy likened his wealthy neighbors to "the feudal baron dwelling among the people".</p><br>
<p>Edward Bellamy was the third of four children. In 1867 he attended Union College in Schenectady, New York, and from 1868 to 1869 he lived in Germany with a cousin. From 1871 to 1872 he worked for a time in New York City as a journalist.</p><br>
<p>From 1872 to the end of his life, Bellamy, with three exceptions, made the house his home. In 1876, in a quest to improve his health (he suffered from tuberculosis, which would eventually kill him), he went on an extended tour to the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii). In 1882 he married Emma Sanderson, a ward of his father&#39;s since 1874. When the couple were expecting their second child, they lived in the house next door for a time in 1886. Rufus Bellamy died in November 1886, and Edward and his family promptly moved back in. In 1887 he published Looking Backward, a utopian novel that was instantly popular, and brought Bellamy wide notice. In 1895 Bellamy traveled to Denver, Colorado in another bid to improve his failing health. After unsuccessful attempts at treatment, he returned to Chicopee in April 1896, and died at home one month later.</p><br>
<p>According to a neighbor, Bellamy at first used his father&#39;s study for his writing. In his later years Bellamy would also use other areas of the house for his work, leaving chaotic piles of manuscript paper lying about. When Bellamy helped found the Penny News (later the Springfield Daily News), it began publication in the house.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in the family until 1905, when Emma Bellamy sold it to a photographer named Hanniman. He divided the house, using the right-hand side as a professional space. Hanniman was also responsible for enlarging the fourth addition, and replacing a barn on the property with a garage. In 1965 the house was sold to Joseph Lavallee, whose only significant alteration was to update the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Bellamy Memorial Association purchased the property in 1974,</p><br>
<h2>Bellamy and Chicopee</h2><br>
<p>Despite Bellamy&#39;s lifelong association with Chicopee, he was a detached observer of the social changes unfolding in the growing industrial areas of the town. He was not widely known within the town. When it was suggested that Bellamy move to Boston to facilitate the production of the journal A New Nation (begun to support and promote the social and political movements established in the wake of the publication of Looking Backward), Bellamy demurred, writing "I have the deepest aversion to change."</p><br>
<p>Bellamy did, however, draw on the community for inspiration in his writings. The last name of Julian West, the protagonist of Looking Backward, is that of one of his neighbors. Elements of his historical novel The Duke of Stockbridge, based on the events of the 1786–87 Shays&#39; Rebellion, are set in a town resembling Chicopee, and characters in his short story "A Nantucket Idyll" are based on local women. Biographer Arthur Morgan notes that many of his other stories are set in towns based "quite obviously the village of Chicopee Falls".</p><br>
<p>The General John Glover House is a National Historic Landmark at 11 Glover Street in Marblehead, Massachusetts. It is a -story gambrel-roofed colonial built in 1762 by John Glover , a local merchant, politician, and militia leader who gained fame for his military leadership in the American Revolutionary War. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, for its association with Glover, who lived here during the war years.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Glover House is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a gambrel roof and two symmetrically placed interior chimneys. A two-story kitchen ell extends to the rear of the house. The front entry is centered on the west-facing main facade, with a four-light transom window above, and is framed by pilasters and pediment with entablature. The inside of the house is a variant of the typical Georgian center-hall plan, with a single large parlor on the right, and a smaller dining room on the left, behind which is a hallway opening to a secondary stairwell and side door. The parlor and dining room have elaborately carved fireplace surrounds, and the parlor also has a carved wooden cornice. The upstairs has three bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>John Glover was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1732, moved to nearby Marblehead early in his life, and rose to become a merchant of wealth and substance. He joined the local militia in 1759. In 1762 he built this house, which became his home until 1782. By the time the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1775, Glover had already been active in resistance activities. He quickly rose in importance in the Continental Army, providing marine logistics during the New York and New Jersey campaign of 1776–77. He notably oversaw the transport of the Continental forces from a besieged position in August 29–30, 1776, after they lost the Battle of Long Island, without any significant losses, and was again involved in the same role in Washington&#39;s crossing of the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26, which preceded the Battle of Trenton. Promoted to brigadier general after these actions, he led a division in the Battles of Saratoga in September and October 1777. He was given a brevet promotion to major general at the end of the conflict.</p><br>
<p>In 1782 Glover purchased the Marblehead estate of the Loyalist William Browne, which had been confiscated by the state. That house and farm served as his home until his death in 1796; it still stands, but has been significantly altered. Glover continued to be active in local affairs, and served in the Massachusetts convention which ratified the United States Constitution in 1788.</p><br>
<p>The property was designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972,</p><br>
<p>The John Ward House is a National Historic Landmark at 132 Essex Street in Salem, Massachusetts. With an early construction history between 1684 and 1723, it is an excellent example of First Period architecture, and as the subject of an early 20th century restoration by antiquarian George Francis Dow, it is an important example of the restoration techniques. Now owned by the Peabody Essex Museum, it is also one of the first colonial-era houses in the United States to be opened as a museum. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ward House was built in three distinct phases. John Ward, a currier by profession, built the first portion of the house in 1684. This consisted of a two story structure with one room on each floor, and a large chimney at one end. This portion was extended by Ward to the right-side of the chimney, giving the house a typical colonial five-bay facade, with center entry and chimney. The last addition to the house was the leanto at the rear, which gave the house a saltbox appearance, and was apparently added not long before Ward&#39;s death in 1734. By this time he was apparently sharing the house with his son Benjamin, who inherited the property. The house remained in the hands of the Ward family until 1816, when it was sold at auction as part of an estate.</p><br>
<p>The buyer at auction was Temple Hardy, who lived in the house for forty years, and operated a bakery on the premises. The house was then converted to a multi-unit residential tenement, which it remained until 1910. At some point in the 19th century a wing was added to the east end of the building; this was removed before 1905. Originally located on Prison Lane (now St. Peter Street), the house was moved to its present site in 1910 by splitting it into two and rolling it on ox-drawn logs from its original site three blocks away. In 1912 the house underwent a careful restoration under the direction of antiquarian George Francis Dow. Dow&#39;s work included decorating the space to meet his conception of the use of the house c. 1700. In 1911, parts of the house were opened to the public, becoming the first outdoor museum of architecture in the country. The Peabody Essex Museum now offers guided tours of the house. Rooms on the first floor feature 17th century furnishings and displays in the leanto on retail premises of the period.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney and a side-gable roof. The roof of the main facade has two large cross gable sections, each with a single window; these gables where removed at some time in the history of the house, and rebuilt at the time of its restoration. The windows on the first two floors of the main facade are doubled casement windows with diamond panes (all of the house&#39;s windows are diamond-paned), except that above the doorway, which is a single window. The exterior is finished in clapboards, with very simple cornerboards and trim. The second floor extends over the first floor by a modest amount.</p><br>
<p>The first floor interior is a somewhat typical center-chimney plan, with chambers on either side, and a narrow stairway rising to the second floor directly inside the front door. Both the front door and the staircase are restored elements. The room left of the chimney is the parlor, and is finished in pine. Traces of whitewash and paint are evident on the main beams, and the summer beam and posts are chamfered. The floor and some of its joists are partly original, and partly the work of the 1912 restorers. The only major structural member to have restorative work done was a post supporting the chimney girt. The right-side room, considered the kitchen, exhibits similar restorative work.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor, the left chamber is the finer of the two, but is framed in oak instead of pine. The right-side chamber was left unrestored by the 1912 work, and exhibits faded wallpaper and a plastered ceiling, much as it would have at that time. The roof, although many of its framing elements are numbered in a traditional way, shows evidence of having been extensively reworked during the restoration.</p><br>
<p>Cole&#39;s Hill is a National Historic Landmark containing the first cemetery used by the Mayflower Pilgrims in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. The hill is located on Carver Street near the foot of Leyden Street and across the street from Plymouth Rock. Owned since 1820 by the preservationist Pilgrim Society, it is now a public park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Coles Hill rises steeply from the shore of Plymouth Bay, near Plymouth Rock, the traditional landing site of the Pilgrims in 1620. It is now bounded by Water, North, Carver, and Leyden Streets. The hill is landscaped with grassy areas, low shrubs, and some trees, and trails wind their way around the hill. A granite staircase rises from Water Street to the summit of the hill. A number of monuments and memorials are on the hill, most of which date to the tercentenary (300-year anniversary) celebration of the Pilgrim landing in 1920. These include a Cyrus Dallin statue of the Wampanoag sachem Massasoit (c. 1581–1661), whose support was critical to the Pilgrims survival. At the southern end of the hill stands a granite sarcophagus erected by the General Society of Mayflower Descendants in 1920. It contains skeletal remains accidentally disinterred from the hill in the 18th and 19th centuries, which are believed to be those of Mayflower settlers buried here in the winter of 1620-21 when 52 out of 102 died. Two stone benches, one placed by the Pennsylvania Society of New England Women, the other by the Society of the Daughters of Colonial Wars, face seaward.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pilgrims built their first houses on Leyden Street rising from the side of Coles Hill to Burial Hill, and the hill was used in 1620–1621 as a burial ground during their first winter in New England. It is not known whether Coles Hill was used again as a burying ground between that winter and 1637 when the main town cemetery was established at what is now called Burial Hill. Among those whose remains may have been interred on Cole&#39;s Hill are John Carver, Elizabeth Winslow, Mrs. Mary Allerton, Rose Standish, Christopher Martin, Solomon Powers, William Mullins, William White, Degory Priest, Richard Britteridge, John and Edward Tilley and Thomas Rogers. The total burials may have been between 45 and 50.</p><br>
<p>Coles Hill was later deeded to Samuel Fuller (c. 1580–1633), a church deacon and the colonys physician. It afterward became the property of James Cole, who arrived in 1633 and kept a tavern on the hill in the 1640s. It is from him that the hills name derives: "Coles Hill" first appears in town records in 1698. Older oral tradition, however, maintained that the first burying ground of the Pilgrims was here. The hill soon lost its identity as a cemetery. Its commanding view of Plymouth Harbor made it a natural site for defensive works. In 1742, the General Court of Plymouth granted a sum of money to the town to erect a battery here. In 1775, the old defense having gone to seed, a new one was built and manned and continued to be kept up during the Revolutionary War. In 1814 still another fort was thrown up here and its commander was placed in charge of companies of soldiers who were billeted in the town.</p><br>
<p>In the 18th and 19th centuries, various remains were uncovered at Coles Hill and attributed to the victims of the winter of 1620–21. This seemed to substantiate the earlier oral tradition. Between 1735 and 1883, the remains of at least 11 people were recovered. A summary of these was provided by John A. Goodwin: In a storm of 1735 a torrent pouring down Middle Street made a ravine in Coles Hill and washed many human remains down into the harbor. In 1809 a skull with especially fine teeth was exposed. In 1855 these graves were exposed in laying the public conduit on Coles Hill. In one grave lay two skeletons, pronounced by surgeons male and female. The man had a particularly noble forehead; and it was fondly surmised that here were the remains of Mr. and Mrs. Carver. These found a new grave on Burial Hill; but the other relics, with barbaric taste, were placed in the top of the stone canopy over Forefathers Rock. In 1879, during some work on the southeast side of the hill, many more bones were unearthed, and some, with questionable taste, were carried away by the spectators in remembrance of their "renowned sires"... The fact that some of the skeletons were laid out on an east-west axis with heads to the west—a long-standing tradition with Christian burials—is taken as evidence that these were not Wampanoag Indian remains. Additionally, the fact that no personal items were buried with the bodies further suggests that they were European burials. (Photographs of some of the bones, circa 1920, are on display at the nearby Pilgrim Hall Museum).</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, Cole&#39;s Hill had been acquired by the recently founded Pilgrim Society in 1820. There was once a granite slab on the hill at the foot of Middle Street, describing the discovery of the bones and the location where they had been found. (This slab is now stored at the Town Farm.) An inscription stated: About 1920, the layout of Carver Street at the foot of Middle Street was moved somewhat to the west, which necessitated the purchase and removal of buildings. This was done to permit the erection of the present sarcophagus on the place where some bones had been found, as nearly as it could be determined. At this time the hill was transformed into a public park as part of the preparations for the tercentenary celebration. The existing buildings having been removed from the hill, paths and plantings were added.</p><br>
<p>Cole&#39;s Hill was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The Kakita River is a river flowing through the town of Shimizu in the Suntō District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.</p><br>
<p>The Kakita River is a tributary of the Kano River. At only 1.2 km, it is the shortest Class 1 River in Japan.</p><br>
<p>Most of the river&#39;s source water comes from springs created by rainfall and melting snow on Mount Fuji. Therefore, the temperature of the river is around 15 °C throughout the year. The river is also known as the only habitat of Mishima-baikamo (ja:ミシマバイカモ). The area around the springs is protected as a park (Kakita River Park by the Shimizu town government.</p><br>
<p>Also, famous for being a clear-flowing river, the Kakita River has been named one of the "Three Clear-Flowing Rivers in Japan", along with the Nagara River in Gifu Prefecture and the Shimanto River in Kōchi Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>The William Morris Davis House is a National Historic Landmark on 17 Francis Avenue in Cambridge, Massachusetts. An architecturally undistinguished Queen Anne-era house, probably built in the 1890s, it is notable as the home of William Morris Davis between 1898 and 1916. Davis  was a professor of geology at Harvard University, and an influential figure in the development of meteorology and geomorphology as scientific disciplines. His textbook Elementary Meteorology was a standard of that field for many years. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Davis House is a 2-1/2 story wood frame house with irregular massing. The main block is roughly square, and has a gable roof, but there is a large ell of matching height in front of it which has a gambrel roof. The main entrance is on the side, under a porch supported by round columns resting on shingled piers, with a simple balustrade in between. The front of the house has a single-story polygonal bay, and an oriel window at the top of the gambreled gable. The exterior is clad in shingles. The building is architecturally undistinguished, and is classified by local historians as a Queen Anne-Shingle style structure. Based on the architectural and stylistic evidence, its construction date is estimated to be in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>William Morris Davis (1850-1934) purchased this house around 1898, the date of his appointment as the Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology at nearby Harvard University, and lived here until 1916. Davis had studied geology under Nathaniel S. Shaler at Harvard in the 1870s, and was offered a teaching position there in 1878. In 1894 he published Elementary Meteorology, a textbook that was the first to unite and organize a previously uncoordinated body of knowledge in that field. Davis&#39; most profound contribution to scientific knowledge came in his publication in 1912 of a treatise entitled A Reasoned Description of Landforms, in which he provided a template for outlining the genesis, development, and classification of landforms on a global scale. In later publications he described the erosion cycle and other important concepts in understanding the development and lifecycle of landforms. Davis was recognized by his peers in the scientific community with numerous awards and recognition.</p><br>
<p>Chukhloma Lake  is a freshwater lake in Kostroma Oblast in Russia. It is located at around {{coord|58|47|N|42|37|E|type:waterbody_region:RU}}, at an elevation of 148 meters above sea level. It has an area of 48.7 km², and an average depth of 4.5 meters.</p><br>
<p>The lake is almost circular in shape, with a diameter of 6–7 km. The shores are flat and boggy. The bottom consists of mud and silt. It is frozen from late October to late April. A number of small rivers and streams enters the Chukhloma Lake. It has an outflow towards the northwest, which drains towards the Kostroma River.</p><br>
<p>At the lake&#39;s southeastern shore lies the town of Chukhloma. At its northern shore, in the village of Nozhkino, lies the Avraamiyevo-Gorodetsky Monastery, founded by Avraamy of Galich in the 15th century.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Lamar Porter Athletic Field is located at West 7th and Johnson Streets, in the Stifft Station neighborhood of Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a Works Administration built baseball field placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1990. Hall of Fame third baseman Brooks Robinson started his career at Porter Field.</p><br>
<p>As described in its National Register nomination form, the construction of the ball field was "one of the bell weather events of the early years of the Little Rock Boys’ Club." When it was built, the 10 acre site was in what was then regarded as “west” Little Rock in an area identified as desirable for park and playing field development by John Nolen, a nationally renowned city planner and landscape architect who was dismayed by the lack of recreational facilities in Little Rock.</p><br>
<p>Nolen observed that although school grounds offered the "opportunity for the sand boxes and apparatus used by small children, there remained a demonstrable need for two classes of playgrounds where boys between ten and sixteen and from sixteen upwards can have the opportunity for more seriously organized games.”</p><br>
<p>Construction of just such a field began in the Fall of 1934 and employed workmen with the federal Works Progress Administration. The project took 18 months to complete. Tennis courts, playgrounds, and other recreational spaces complement the ball field.</p><br>
<p>Lamar Porter was the son of Mr. And Mrs. Q. L. Porter of Little Rock, born August 17, 1913. He was educated in Little Rock&#39;s public schools, attended Little Rock High School, and graduated from Sewanee Military Academy in Tennessee in 1931. Porter was a junior at Washington and Lee University in Virginia when he was killed May 12, 1934, in an automobile accident between Lexington and Staunton, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was the family of Lamar Porter, in attempt to memorialize his life, who provided the land and money required to build the eponymous baseball field. His mother; aunt, Mrs. J.D. Jordan; and his brother, Jim S. Porter made the donation on the first anniversary of Porters death, which coincidentally fell on Mothers Day.</p><br>
<p>When the complex was complete, it held a lighted softball diamond with underground wiring, four lighted tennis courts, a regulation baseball diamond, a 1,500-seat grandstand complete with club rooms, shower and locker rooms, rest rooms, and a concession stand. It was first used by Boys&#39; Club teams in the summer of 1936; by 1937, it was also being used by City Leagues and American Legion teams.</p><br>
<p>The property also held and apparatus area with swings, slides, and jungle gyms; a small children&#39;s play area that included hammocks, small slides, and kindergarten tables; a play area for older children with facilities for handcrafts and quiet games; and other areas with courts for shuffle boards, marbles, horse shoes, handball, volleyball, and table tennis, as well as picnic areas and a "stage for dramatics."</p><br>
<p>Lamar Porter Athletic Field opened to the public in 1937 at the corner of Seventh and Johnson streets where it eventually became home to Pewee League, Midget League, Little League, Pony League, American Legion, and semi-pro baseball teams. The Little Rock Doughboys were the only Legion team in town until they were replaced by an eight-team Legion league in 1954.</p><br>
<p>The baseball sequence from the 1984 film A Soldier&#39;s Story was filmed at the historic field.</p><br>
<p>Gravel Lake is a 296 acre freshwater lake in the southeast corner of Porter Township near the southern boundary of Van Buren County in the USA state of Michigan. The lake is located between Lawton and Marcellus. The lake is controlled and managed by a homeowners association, the Gravel Lake Association.</p><br>
<p>Located in the southwestern part of the state, the lake is spring fed and has an outlet (spillway) on Idle Ease beach which feeds Big Fish Lake and an inlet from a swamp named Strawberry Lake just behind the northern end of Idle Ease Beach.</p><br>
<p>Gravel Lake is popular for fishing in the area and the lake is well stocked with pike, largemouth bass, bluegill, yellow perch, bullhead and some walleye and crappie.</p><br>
<p>This lake also has a strong bond amongst its residents and many traditions take place every year. Memorial Day Weekend and Labor Day Weekend host many activities, but the most popular is Fourth of July. The Gravel Lake Association sponsors The Paddle Boat Ragada, The 2 Mile Fun Run/Walk, The Boat Parade and The Kids&#39; Games.</p><br>
<p>Saddleback Junior is a mountain located in Franklin County, Maine. Saddleback Junior is flanked to the southwest by Saddleback Horn, and to the northeast by Poplar Ridge. The mountain is on the south border of the USA Navy Survival Escape and Evasion Training Facility .</p><br>
<p>Saddleback Junior stands within the watershed of the Kennebec River, which drains into the Gulf of Maine. The northeast and northwest sides of Saddleback Jr. drain into Redington Stream, then into the South Branch of the Dead River, and the Kennebec River. The east and south sides of Saddleback Jr. drain into Hardy Stream, then into Orbeton Stream, and the Sandy River, another tributary of the Kennebec.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, runs across the summit of Saddleback Junior, between Saddleback and Spaulding Mountain.</p><br>
